Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 11 Foundations of Education Solutions Unit 1 Fundamental of Education Short Answer Questions.
CHSE Odisha 11th Class Foundations of Education 1 Fundamental of Education Short Answer Questions
Very Short-Answer Type Questions
Question 1.
Give the nature of education.
Answer:
The nature of education is:
- Education is growth,
- Education is training,
- Education is the continuous reconstruction of experience,
- Education is life,
- Education is a lifelong process,
- Education is direction.
Question 2.
Explain the narrow meaning of education.
Answer:
Education is narrow in the sense it is limited by the four walls of the classroom. It has no external experience in it. The child learns from textbooks and has no outside experience.
Question 3.
Give the elements of formal agency.
Ans.
The elements of formal agencies are:
- it aims,
- curriculum,
- teaching methods,
- the teacher, and
- interaction of teacher and taught.
Question 4.
Give the elements of informal agency of education.
Answer:
The elements of informal agencies of education are-
- aims,
- curriculum,
- methods of teaching,
- teacher,
- communication of opinions etc.
Question 5.
Give the developmental work of education:
Answer:
The developmental works of education are-It aim at novelty. It aims at the development of man, society and state, its existence, progress, reformation and prosperity. It eradicates ignorance and blind beliefs.
Question 6.
Educational functional radio?
Answer:
The educational functions of radio are:
- improvement of language,
- development of culture and civilization,
- leisure time entertainment,
- spiritual and religious consciousness,
Question 7.
Three educational functions of school?
Answer:
The educational functions of the school are:
- character building,
- development of leadership,
- development of social efficiency,
- social reconstruction etc.
Question 8.
Give the educational role of the community.
Answer:
The educational role of the community is as follows:
It controls the learning centres. It finances the learning centres. Appointment of qualified teachers and supply of aids.
Question 9.
Give three aims and objectives of pre-primary education.
Answer:
To provide a healthy environment to the children. To promote a healthy, happy and regular life. To develop good health habits and habits like toilet habits, dressing, washing cleaning etc.
Question 10.
Give three aims of elementary education.
Answer:
To understand and practise desirable social relationships. To appreciate worthwhile activities. To develop a sound body and moral mental attitudes.
Question 11.
Education is the continuous reconstruction of experience.
Answer:
To John Dewey, the experience of all individuals involves the situation. So continuous reconstruction of experience gives a more socialized value. Through the process activities undergo changes.
Question 12.
Explain the democratic aim of education.
Answer:
Democratic government demands educated people. Education can generate and instil the qualities that democracy demands, The aim of the state is to achieve the highest moral value through education. Democratic aim aimed all-round development of personality.
Question 13.
Civic function.
Answer:
The child learns the first lesson of citizenship between the mother’s kiss and the father’s care. The child learns various civic virtues in the family. It develops the quality, of discipline, cooperation and tolerance.
Question 14.
Give three aims of Higher Secondary Education.
Answer:
Providing job training is an important function of vocational education. To develop an awareness of social problems. To lead them to participate in productive work. To inculcate a positive attitude of teamwork, the dignity of labour, cooperation etc.
Question 15.
Education and training.
Answer:
Education is meant for training the individual to discharge certain responsibilities. Primary education is meant for the acquisition of knowledge and skills. In preparation for teachers, there is a definite curriculum. So modem concept of education is training only.
Question 16.
Give three objectives of secondary education.
Answer:
To promote social virtues, intellectual development and practical skills of students. To develop literacy, artistic and cultural interests for expression. To inculcate the qualities necessary for living efficiently with one’s fellowmen.
Question 17.
Three characteristics of nonformal education.
Answer:
- It is deliberately organised and systematically complemented.
- It provides part-time instruction for non-enrolled children.
- It aimed to wipe out and eradicate illiteracy.
- It is organised outside the formal system of education
- It is diversified, flexible and open-ended.
Short Answer Type Questions
Question 1.
What do you mean by child-centred education?
Answer:
In child-centred education, more stress is given to students or children rather than to teachers. In this education, Children are considered the focal point of Education. In this education, a teacher should have better knowledge about children rather than other aspects. By this education, the innate potentialities of children can be expressed. This is known as child-centred education.
Question 2.
Explain the aim of child-centred education.
Answer:
Education should help the educand for complete living leading to balanced, harmonious, useful and natural life. The supreme aim of child-centred education is a generous and liberal cultivation of the innate endowment of the child. What is artificial is evil and what is natural is good.
Hence, the natural child should not receive education in the artificial society. His education should be negative on non-social by nature. It is a part of preventive education which protects the child from social evils. Education is not a preparation for life, but rather a preparation against the social condition in which the child lives.
Question 3.
What type of correlation should be adopted- in child-centred education? Explain.
Answer:
In child-centred education, the curriculum should be based on the needs, interests, abilities, aptitudes, developmental level and circumstances of the child. It should provide rich experiences to children for proper development. The child is to be prepared for life. The curriculum for handicapped children cannot be the same as for average students. In other words, it should revolve around the child because the child is the central factor in the curriculum.
Question 4.
Explain the methods which have suited to child-centred education.
Answer:
In child-centred education methods of education are child-centred. Some of the methods which are used in child-centred education are the kindergarten method, play-way method, Montessori method, project method, Dalton plan, learning by doing or experiential learning. by living. Method of individual instruction.
Various teaching devices like exposition and explanation, narration and description, stories and illustrations like maps, models, charts, pictures, diagrams, graphs and various other audio-visual aids ate used. Maxims of teaching like proceeding from known, to unknown simple to complex, concrete to abstract, empirical to rational and psychological to logical are followed.
Question 5.
Explain the role of the teacher in child-centred education.
Answer:
In the child-centred education process, the children are the keyboard and the teachers are with them very consciously. The curriculum in different stages like primary, higher primary and secondary are prepared to take into the age, intelligence, interest, attitude, Knowledge and need of the child.
The teacher does not impose any matter rather he inspires the child in which the child is more interested. The teacher presents the problem before the child and guides how the activities are done to achieve the goal. The teacher adopts the play way method and other suitable methods for imparting knowledge and evaluation.
Question 6.
Define character building aim of education.
Answer:
The one essential aim of education is character building. Education consists of the cultivation of certain human values and the development of attitudes and habits which constitute the character of a person. Gandhi gave top priority to character education. This meant that the purpose of education is to develop courage, strength and vitality. Education for the character is the need of the hour in India. Today various commissions of Indian education have laid down that building character is one of the most important aims of Indian education.
Question 7.
What are the aims of vocationalisation of education?
Answer:
Vocationalisation of education makes education economically self¬sufficient. It helps the child in his post-school adjustability and stimulates his observation and arouses his thoughts and feelings. Vocational education is the only hope for children with lower intelligence. It bridges the gulf between the elite class and the general masses. These are the main aims of the vocationalisation of education.
Question 8.
What do you mean by the social aim of education?
Answer:
The supporters of the social aim of education behave the society or the state alone as real and the individual is only a means and therefore, must always work for the. welfare and progress of the society on the state. They, therefore hold that an individual should be educated for the good of society. The interests of society are supreme and the position of the individual is always subordinate to that of the state.
The supporters of social aim cannot think of an individual living and developing in solution from society. As Raymont says, the isolated individual is a figment of the imagination. As long as human beings are civic in society, there will be some subordination of individuality to the public or social needs of society.
Question 9.
What do you mean by the Individual aim of education?
Answer:
The concept of individual development aim is based on the socio-political philosophy that social institutions such as the family, the church, the school and the state exist only four bettering and improving the lives of the individual. The individual is the end and social institutions are the means. Therefore, they justify their existence only if they are conducive to the promotion of individual welfare.
Society, the state and in fact all the social and political institutions exist and work for the welfare of the individual. Therefore, the aim of education should be the fullest possible development of the individual. The school as one of the social institutions for the educand offers an environment conducive to development. Education should aim at training the individual.
Question 10.
Write a synthesis, between the individual and social aims of education.
Answer:
Society and man are integrally connected. Just like the two sides of the same coin individual and society, the individual and social aims of education interact between society and the individual. The individual is an integral part of the vast society, thus for the round development of the individual all-around development of the whole human society and the world is badly needed. Society is formed by the individuals by the development and welfare of the individual and the welfare of the human society is possible.
Question 11.
What is Informal education?
Answer:
Informal education is that education which occurs automatically in the process of living. It continues as the child grows up. Informal education is just the opposite of formal education. The child in the individual learns -from out-of-school or college influences. He leams from his home and the community, where he spends most of his time. Informal education consists of activities Other than formal instruction. It is not planned at all. Good informal education plays a vital role. It prepares the child for formal education.
Question 12.
What do you mean by formal education?
Answer:
Nowadays the teaching-learning process is made functional through formal agencies of education. These agencies have their own rules and regulations, curriculum, aims, teachers, and periods which are previously fixed. According to those rules, the formal agencies of education are functioning. Besides this magic hall, libraries are included in the formal agency has great importance in modem social environments and situations.
Question 13.
What do you mean by ‘Non-formal education’?
Answer:
Non-formal education is formal education but is not given formally in set institutions like schools during fixed hours. There is a tremendous need for non-formal education in developing countries in India. On the one hand, it is needed to make illiterates literate and on the other, it is needed for those whose desire for education is insatiable but cannot afford it in formal institutions. The correspondence course is one example of non-formal education.
Question 14.
Distinguish between active and passive agencies of education.
Answer:
The active agencies of education are active and play a prominent role in imparting education. These agencies play their role through the interaction of persons involved in the educational process. The school is an active agent of education since the teachers and the pupils interact with each other. The family is an active agent of education as the parents and the children interact with each other.
Besides the school and the family, other active agencies are the church, state, the youth club etc. The passive agencies of education are those agencies which influence learners but are not themselves influenced in return. In their case, education is a one-way process. The educational radio, educational press, and the library are some of the important passive agencies of education.
Question 15.
What is the function of the school as a formal agency?
Answer:
School is the most important formal agency of education set up by the society or state. It is a well-established, organised and systematic organisation which imparts useful experience to the youngsters conservation and promotion of culture and civilization is one of the functions of the school. Besides, it builds the character of the learner and prepares the child to face the challenge of life. It evolves the leadership attitude of the child and gives gratification to his latent powers. The school acts as quite active agent in social control and social change.
Question 16.
Explain the functions of the family.
Answer:
The functions of the family are as follows:
The family helps in maintaining the physical health of the child. The character of the child is built in the family. It plays role in the intellectual development of the child. The child is acquainted with the family vocations to earn living. It helps in the free expression of die child. The family plays an indispensable role in the development of the interests of the child.
Question 17.
Explain the objectives of non-formal education.
Answer:
Non-formal education has the following objectives:
Understanding the environment and conditions and arousing awareness of the need to make changes in it. Generating faith in science and technology knowledge and encouraging the individual to adopt their skills. Creating the capacity to learn by working and to increase one’s skills. Utilising acquired experiences in new situations. Performing the role of an agency for bringing the desired changes in history.
Question 18.
Discuss the role of radio as an agency of education.
Answer:
Radio is one of the passive agencies of education. Through this students can be able to read from great teachers and education. The students whose eyes are not capable to look are to get knowledge from this, we can get a lot of materials from the radio which is not present in our textbooks. Through radio, students can get knowledge about all over the world. Through radio, students can get an education at home without going to school.
Question 19.
Discuss the role of television as an agency of education.
Answer:
Television has brought a revolutionary change in the field of education. A student can get an education from great teachers and educators without going to school and taking anybody’s help. Through television, an educand can see the educators like him and also hears the answers given by them. If television teaching-learning processes are shown separately then students can not feel the necessity of school.
Question 20.
The role of cinema as an agency of education.
Answer:
Cinema is more important than drama. The role of cinema is as follows: It imparts education through attractive methods. The vast expanse of land, time, things incidents of inventions is produced with a few records. Education is imparted along with recreation.
Direct presentation of the smallest part of the body like blood circulation, blood bacteria etc is possible. It imparts cheap education. It maintains us and adult education is imparted through it. The knowledge of the world, plant and animal kingdom is known from geographical situations.
Question 21.
Give the educational function of this state.
Answer:
The educational function of the state is as follows:
- Appointment of qualified teachers.
- Establishment of educational institutions.
- Training of ideal citizenship.
- To control educational institutions.
- Encourage research work.
- To bring reformation in education and set up commissions and committees.
Question 22.
Explain the educational functions of the home.
Answer:
The educational functions of the home include:
- Development of knowledge and
- cultural transmission and conservation.
Educational development is the role of the family. Literate parents affect the children and they become educated. Home helps in the mental development of the child. Secondly, cultural transmission is possible through interaction. The child learns about cultures from home and tries to conserve them. This is done generation-wise. One generation inherits culture from another generation.
Question 23.
Liberal aims of education.
Answer:
Plato condemned vocational education: Liberal education consists of studies that were fine and worthy of free man for liberal means free liberal education in Greece was meant for the self-suffering life of leisure to thinking for its own sake. Liberal education consisted of tools in the study of seven liberal arts, grammar, history and geography, rhetoric and astronomy. It is the study of classical literature.
Question 24.
Character building aim of education.
Answer:
The highest love for man is called morality. So man is considered as a moral being and has education consists in the cultivation of socially approved behaviour The man-making aspect of education reveals the idea of character formation. Every human being possesses this tendency, the higher intelligence known as morality, The Gurucul system of education emphasizes the character-building aim of education. Moral qualities like justice, sincerity, honesty, tolerance, self-control etc. make an individual socially efficient.
Question 25.
Complete living aims of education.
Answer:
The complete living aim of education includes- It should teach one. how to earn a living. It should prepare the pupils fOr social and socially political duties. Education should teach the art of self-preservation. It should ensure survival by imparting knowledge about bearing and hearing children. It should equip one for the enjoyment of the retirement of culture art literature and the like.
Question 26.
Citizenship Aim of education.
Answer:
Education is to prepare the individual for the different roles he has to perform in life. In a democratic society, the political role is to be played as important. As a citizen an individual has certain rights, education for citizenship should train him to discharge his duties and make him conscious of his rights. Education for citizenship results only in training to work out the political machinery and democracy such as the election of responsible executives to worry about public business legislation through discussions and debates.
Question 27.
Educational characteristics of Non- formal education.
Answer:
It is organised outside the formal system of education. It is deliberately organised and systematically implemented. It is life long process. It is diversified j flexible and open-ended. It provides part-time in the situation of non-filled children. To wipe out and eradicate illiteracy.
Question 28.
Aims and objectives of pre-primary education.
Answer:
To provide a healthy environment to the children. To promote a healthy, happy and regular life. To provide continuous medical supervision. To assist in the formation of healthy and good habits. To develop desirable social attitudes and habits with children. To develop an aesthetic sense of all children.
Question 29.
Aims of elementary education.
Answer:
To Understand and practise desirable social relationships. To cultivate, habits of critical thinking. To develop round body and moral mental attitudes. To develop basic skills and independence. To develop social responsibility and cooperation to improve social institutions. To develop all the constructive talents.
Question 30.
Education is a social process.
Answer:
Education as a social process continues from birth to death. Behaviour is modified interaction from person to person, and wish group. Social interaction brings desirable social, and economic value to education. The social processes as bipolar and tri-polar processes interact with the environment and a better experience is gathered by the child.
Question 31.
What are the merits of radio as a mass media?
Answer:
Radio is one of the mass media systems of education useful in the following ways
- It gives information about the happening of the world, from any comer of the world.
- Through Vidyalaya programmes, the school subjects are taught by experts.
- It facilitates learning the outside campus.
- It arises interest in tearing.
- What cannot be understood in the classroom can be felt and understood through radio programmes.
Question 32.
Give the important role of education of TV as a mass media system.
Answer:
In modem times TV- has become an important audiovisual and the mass roles played by it are as follows- Different school subjects are taught through TV programmes. TV programmes are educative and informative, giving various information about the world like science, plays interviews, business matters, music and documentary films.
When we see experiments on TV screens through tale lessons, interest arouses, it develops an interest to study science. TV programmes arises the feeling of national integration1 and international understanding among the students.
Question 33.
What is the function of school as an agency of education?
Answer:
The school as the most important formula agency of education -$s a well-organized education centre that imparts the following functions- It provides useful, experiences for youngsters. It promotes and conserves -our culture and civilization. It builds the character of the learner. It develops the quality of leadership, tolerance, and cooperation. It helps to develop the latent powers of the pupil. It acts as the social control and social change and develops the child with social qualities.