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BSE Odisha Solutions

Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 12 History Solutions Unit 1 Sources of Indian History Short Answer Questions.

CHSE Odisha 12th Class History Unit 1 Sources of Indian History Short Answer Questions

Short Type Questions with Answers

Question 1.
From which Greek world History has come and what is its meaning?
Answer:
From the Greek word Historia the history word has. come. The meaning of it is investigation, discovery, and experiment.

Question 2.
Who is regarded as the father of history and he had tried to write which type of history?
Answer:
Herodotus is regarded as the father of history. He had tried his best to write history on truth matters yet sometimes be based on the facts of legend.

Question 3.
In ancient India how many important religions were promulgated and what are they?
Answer:
In ancient India, three important religions of the world were promulgated. They are Brahmanical Hinduism, Jainism, and Buddhism.

Question 4.
The eminent ancient personalities of ancient gave the name of the land as what and their inhabitants were called as what?
Answer:
The eminent ancient personalities gave the name of the land “Bharat Varsha” and the inhabitants were called “Bharat sanitation”.

Question 5.
The ancient Persians according to the name of which river gave the name India hind and in further times in which name it was popular?
Answer:
The ancient Persians gave the name of this Hind according to the Sindhu river. In further times this country became popular as India.

Question 6.
Historian Thusidydes belongs to which country and he prefers to write which type?
Answer:
Thucydides belongs to the country of Greece. He prefers to write scientific history.

Question 7.
What is regarded as an archaeological source and which compound secured place within it?
Answer:
Archaeology is the science to know about the past. Inscriptions and ancient writing on various things are the main sources of it.

Question 8.
Outside India from which source it is known regarding this country and what are the discovered sources?
Answer:
Outside India, we came to know some inscriptions which give information about this country. They are discovered the source of the Beghaj Kay inscription and the inscription discovered in Behistan of Persia.

Question 9.
Which monarch had told in his own language that he had engraved his administrative principles on stones and what was the reason for it?
Answer:
Monarch Ashok had told in his own language that he had engraved his administrative principles on stones. The reason of it that it will last for many years to come.

Question 10.
The ancient script of India was discovered from which civilizations’ archaeological remains and it was engraved on which materials?
Answer:
The ancient script of India was discovered from the archaeological remains of the Harappan civilization. It was engraved on seals.

Question 11.
Another ancient script of India was engraved in which century and was whose script?
Ans:
Another ancient script of India was engraved in the 3rd century B.C. These engraved scripts were of King Asoka.

Question 12.
What is Archaeology and at the time which Governor-General in India department created it?
Answer:
The science of digging up and its excavation of various materials is considered Archaeology. The Archaeological department was created by the then Governor General of India Lord Curzon.

Question 13.
Which coin is regarded as the source of history and this investigation is called what?
Answer:
Varieties of coins from different ages in the depth of the earth and their discoveries are considered as an important source of history. This investigation study is known as numismatics.

Question 14.
Ambassador Al- Beruni has given information about how many Puranas prevail in India and among them the names of the chief Puranas are?
Answer:
Ambassador Al-Beruni has given information about is Puranas prevailing in India among them the chief Puranas are “Vayu Purana”, “Bishnu Purana”, “Matsya Purana”, “Brahmanda Purana”, “Agni Purana” etc.

Question 15.
Name of the religious text of Buddhism and what are those?
Answer:
The name of the religious text of Buddhism is “Tripitaka”. Those are “Sutrapitak”, “Binaya Pitaka” and “Abhidharma Pitaka”.

Question 16.
The “Arthasastra” of Kautilya is divided into how many parts and it reflects the social and religious life of the people of which age?
Answer:
The “Arthasastra of Kautilya is divided into fifteen parts. It reflects the social and religious life of the people of the Mauryan Age.

Question 17.
Who was the writer of the “Astadhyayi” text and when it was written? The text stressed the importance of what?
Answer:
The writer of “Astadhyayi” was Panini and it was written in the 4th century. This text stressed the importance of state administration.

Question 18.
“Mahabhaya” text was written by whom and this text was written in which B.C.?
Answer:
The “Mahabhasya” text was written by Patanjali. This text was written in the 2nd century B.C.

Question 19.
“Mudra Rakshasa” was written by whom and this text narrates which subjects?
Answer:
“Mudra Rakshasa” was written by Visakhadutta. In this text, the social condition and cultural aspects of the time of Chandra Gupta Maurya have been described.

Question 20.
“Harsha Charita” was written by whom and in this text which article was reflected?
Answer:
“Harsha Charita” was written by Banabhatta. It was the life history of Harsavardhana and in it, the social religious and economic life conditions of the people of the 7th century had been described.

Question 21.
“Bikramarka Charita” was written by whom and in it the working condition of which king had been described?
Answer:
“Bikramarka Charita” was written by Bilharzia. In this book, the working condition of Chalukya king Vikramaditya had been described.

Question 22.
“Ram Charita” was written by whom and in it, the heroic episodes of whom had been described?
Answer:
“Ram Charita” was written by Sandhyakar Nandi. In this book, the Character of Bengal king Rampal had given importance.

Question 23.
“Prithviraj Charita” was written by whom and in it, the heroic episodes of whom had been described?
Answer:
“Prithviraj Charita” was written by Chand Kabi. In it, the heroic episodes of king Prithviraj are described.

Question 24.
When Kalhan’s “Rajatarangini” was written and in this text whom an elaborate description had given?
Answer:
Kalhanas “Rajatarangini” was written on 1149-50 A.D. In this text, the dynasty, state administration, and punishment system of the state have been given elaborate importance.

Question 25.
“Raja Vamsabali” was the text of which state and what for it was famous?
Answer:
“Raja Vamsabali” was the ancient text of Udara Desa or Odisha. The book gave enough information for writing an ancient history of Odisha.

Question 26.
“Malabikagni Mitram” was written by whom and this book is based on some aspects of which kings administration?
Answer:
“Malavikagnimitram” was written by eminent poet and dramatist Kalidasa.- This text described some aspects of king pushy amitraz sunga’s administration.

Question 27.
Drama “Sakuntala” was written by whom and in it what kind of facts were given?
Answer:
The drama “Sakuntala” was the eternal creation of the famous dramatist Kalidasa. In this drama, the social condition of people had given almost importance.

Question 28.
The drama “Swapna Vasabadutta” was written by whom and in it which picture had given importance? ,
Answer:
Drama “Swapravasabadutta” was written by Vasa. In it, the picture of then-political India had given importance.

Question 29.
“Goudabaha” was written by whom and what is it described?
Answer:
“Goudabaha” was written by Vakapati. This book described the adventurous works of Yasovarman.

Question 30.
“Dasakumara Charitam” text was written by whom and it reflects which condition of the then India?
Answer:
“Daskumara Charitam” was written by Dandi. In this text, the political and social condition of then India had been reflected.

Question 31.
Monal teaching text “Pancha Tantram” was written by whom and it reflects which principle of the then India?
Answer:
The moral teaching text “Pancha Tantram” was written by Vishnu Sharma. This text reflects the social principle of then India.

Question 32.
Sangam literature was written in which part of India and it had importance upon which language?
Answer:
Sangam literature was written for South Indian kings and their dynasties. It gave importance to the Tamil language.

Question 33.
“Chachanama” text belongs to which country and in it what had been reflected?
Answer:
“Chachanama” text belongs to Arab countries. In it, the Arab invasion of Sindh had been reflected.

Question 34.
“Tabata-I-Nasir” was written by whom and it was divided into how many parts and in it what had been described?
Answer:
“Tabata-I-Nasir” was written by Minhas-us-Siraj and it was divided into ten parts. In it, an elaborate description had given regarding Islam and India.

Question 35.
“Histories” text was written by whom and this text gave information regarding what?
Answer:
The “Histories” text was written by Herodotus, the father of History. This book gave information regarding the Persian Greek war and so also relation in between India and Persia.

Question 36.
Who gave details information about the Indian invasion of Alexander and on it what had been described?
Answer:
Arrian gave details information about the Indian invasion of Alexander from Greek. description it was known how Seleucus was defeated by Chandragupta Maurya. (Sandrokotus)

Question 37.
Name of the eminent ancient geographist and in his geography text what he had narrated?
Answer:
The name of the eminent ancient geographist was Talmy. In his Greek language, he described Indian ports.

Question 38.
Who was Megasthenes? The written information by him was named?
Answer:
Meghasthenes was a Greek Ambassador. The written information by him was named “Indika”.

Question 39.
Who Was Megasthenes? He was sent by which Greek King to the Mauryan court and settled at Pataliputra?
Answer:
Megasthenes was a Greek Ambassador. He was sent by the Greek king Seleucus to the Mauryan court and settled at Pataliputra.

Question 40.
Did fashion come to India at the time of the reign of which king? The book written by him was?
Answer:
Fabien came to India at the time of the reign of Chandragupta II. The book written by him was named “Fo-Kuo-ki”.

Question 41.
China ambassador Hiuen-Tsang came to India at the time of which emperor? The book written by him was?
Answer:
China Ambassador Hiuen-Tsang came to India during the reign of emperor Harshavardhan. The name of the book written.

Question 42.
Who was Hiuen-Tsang ? Which title was given to him?
Answer:
Hiuen-Tsang was Chinese Ambassador. The title “Prince of Pilgrims” was given to him.

Question 43.
Is-Tsing when came to India? What he had described regarding Buddhism?
Answer:
Is-Tsing came to India in the 7th century. At his time of coming to India Buddhism was in a deteriorating condition.

Question 44.
Who was Al-Beruni? The name of his text was?
Answer:
Al-Beruni was a famous Al-Abian writer. The name of his text was “Tahiq-i-Hind”.

Question 45.
Who was James Princep? In which year he was capable to study Asokan inscription?
Answer:
James prince was a western learned man. In 1837 A.D. he was capable to study the Asokan inscription.

Question 46.
In which year by archaeological excavation was the city Harappa & Mahenjodaro came established and who was it discovered?
Answer:
In 1922 A.D. by archaeological excavation the city Harappa & Mahenjodaro came to establish. The discoverer of it was Dayaram Sahani and Rakhal Das Banerjee.

Question 47.
Give information regarding the location of Harappa and Mahenjodaro?
Answer:
Harappa city was established in the Montogomery district of Punjab near the bank of the Rabi river. Another city Mahenjodaro or “Dead city” was situated in the Larkana district of Sindh near the shore of the Sindhu river.

Question 48.
Who was Charles Mason? What he had described Harappa?
Answer:
Charles Mason was an English archaeologist. In 1829 A.D. he described Harappa as a “Puinous Brick Castle”.

Question 49.
Where Lothal was situated for what it was famous for?
Ans:
Lothal was situated in Gujarat state. It was famous for its ancient port.

Question 50.
Who was Mortimer Wheeler? He had fixed which time as the time of Sindh civilization?
Answer:
Mortimer Wheeler was a famous personality in Archaeology. He had a fixed time of Sindh civilization from 2500 B.C. to 1500 B.C.

Question 51.
What was the chief livelihood of Harappans? For their economic development, we came to know from which?
Answer:
The Chief livelihood of Harappans was cultivation. For their economic development, we came to know from the excavation of granary found from it.

Question 52.
What was the eminent project of Harappa? What were its length and breadth?
Answer:
The eminent project of Harappa was the “Great Bath”. The entire home preserved the. bath had a length of 180ft. and breadth of 108ft.

Question 53.
Whether the people of ancient Sindh know the process of writing? Their writing was discovered from where?
Answer:
The ancient Sindh people knew one process of the writing system. Their writing is known from the discovered seals.

Question 54.
Whether the Sindhu people knew about the domestication of animals? They had not domesticated which animal?
Answer:
Yes, the ancient people knew about the domestication of animals. They had not to domesticated and could not know the use of horses and dogs.

Question 55.
Regarding the golden ornaments of the Harappan civilization analyze the version of John Marshall?
Answer:
John Marshall opined regarding the gold ornaments of Harappa that the ornaments of discovered Harappa were so beautiful, fine, and attractive that it was not 5000 years gold ornaments and as if it is available at the different gold shops of London’s bond road.

Question 56.
The weapons of the Harappan civilization were made in which metal? For which purpose they used it?
Answer:
The weapons of the Harappan civilization were made of copper and bronze. For the purpose of war and haunting, they used it.

Question 57.
In the developed time of the Harappan civilization which type of rainfall was continuing? At that time which food particles produced more?
Answer:
In the developed time of the Harappan civilization maximum rainfall was continuing. At that time wheat and barley produced more.

Question 58.
For cultivation purposes which type of utensils was used by the Sindh people? Now that place is called?
Answer:
For cultivation purposes the Sindh people used plow, sickle axe, etc, Now that place is called the “Garden of Sindh” (Nakhalistan)

Question 59.
In which industry the Sindh people were experts and for this which material has discovered from excavation?
Answer:
In the weaving industry, the Sindh people were experts. This we came to know from the discovery of knitting machines and engraved seals.

Question 60.
For the clay pot of Harappan civilization what was the opinion of Mortimer Wheeler?
Answer:
Regarding the clay pots of the Harappan people, Mortimer Wheeler opined that those were very attractive in comparison to Iran and Mesopotamia.

Question 61.
The Sindh people were accustomed to which metal and whether they knew the use of iron?
Answer:
The Sindh people were accustomed to copper, bronze, gold, silver, tin, etc. Whether they knew about the use of iron still no information is found regarding it.

Question 62.
Estimate the opinion of Hunter regarding the metal architecture of Sindh people?
Answer:
According to famous historian Hunter, the Sindh people were experts in metal architecture. From it, they were capable to make different types of ornaments also.

Question 63.
Whether the Sindh people were experts in the trade business? They were engaged for internal business from which place to which place?
Answer:
There availed enough evidence that the Sindh people were experts in the trade business. They were engaged in internal business from Kashmir Valley to Southern valley.

Question 64.
On which route the Sindh people had foreign trade relations and with which country they were engaged in trading?
Answer:
On the land route and sea routes, the Sindh people had foreign trade relations. They were engaged in trade with countries like Sumeria, Egypt, and Greece.

Question 65.
Give proof regarding the trade relationship between Mesopotamia civilization and Sindh civilization?
Answer:
They excavated Mahenjodaro seals in Mesopotamia and excavated cuneiform writing from the Mahenjodaro civilization tracing the trade relationship between them. So also Sindh people had trade relations with Akkad and other countries of Persia.

Question 66.
Whether the Sindh people were experts in the analytical and mechanical wing? Whether their weight and measurement, the system in comparison with England’s ounce and Greek Unica system?
Answer:
From the excavated archaeological things and their examination, we came to know that they were experts in the analytical and mechanical wing. Their weight and measurement system was inaccurate with the ounce system in England and unrar system in Greek.

Question 67.
In 2001 the archaeological excavation from Mehergarh in Pakistan describes the medical treatment of Sindh people?
Answer:
In 2001 the archaeological excavation from Mehergarh in Pakistan. We came to anticipate that the Sindh people acquired knowledge about teeth treatment.

Question 68.
The Sindh people worshipped to which force? The woman’s picture engraved on the seal gave which information?
Answer:
It came to be known that the Sindh people worshipped to “Mother Goddess”. The woman’s picture engraved in the excavated seal indicates that the picture may be the picture of the Dharitri Goddess.

Question 69.
The excavated Yogi posture was surrounded by which four figures? Analyze the statement of John Marshall regarding this figure?
Answer:
The excavated seal with Yogi posture was surrounded by four animals and they were elephant, tiger, rhinoceros, and buffalo. From this study, Sir John Marshal imagined that perhaps Saivism was the earliest religion of India.

Question 70.
Evaluate the statement of Mortimer Wheeler regarding the decline of the Indus civilization? When this Civilization came to an end?
Answer:
According to Mortimer Wheeler, Harappa and Mahenjodoro were destroyed by the Aryan invaders. In the Vedas, the early Aryans described their God Indra as the destroyer of the cities of the Asuras. According to wheeler the fall of this civilization occurred about 1500 years before the birth of Christ.

Question 71.
Analyze the statement of other scholars about the fall of the Indus valley civilization?
Answer:
To other scholars, the climatic changes led to the decline of the cities. It may be that the rivers Indus and Ravi changed their courses for which the cities were badly affected frequent floods of those rivers made it difficult for people to live. Being deserted the cities perhaps got buried under the earth in course of many many years.

Question 72.
Give an estimate of the legacies of the Indus civilization?
Answer:
The influence of the Indus civilization on the future can not be denied. The civilization had two faces. Spiritual and material. But the spiritual faiths of the Indus people survived forever.

Question 73.
Which Eastern eminent scholar when given the opinion that the Sanskrit language of India and other western languages had derived from one common language?
Answer:
Eminent Eastern scholar Sir William Johns gave an opinion in 1786 that the Sanskrit language of India, the language of Persia language of Greece, and Rome, and the German language had deep relations and those languages had derived from one original language.

Question 74.
Regarding the unity of various tribes which western scholar has given which opinion?
Answer:
Regarding the unity of various tribes eminent western scholar Maxmuller opined strongly in 1861 that “The forefathers of Indian, Persian, Greek, Romans skills, Kelat, and Germans not only lived in the same place rather they lived under one home.

Question 75.
The Aryans first settled in which place in India and how many rivers flowed there?
Answer:
The Aryans first settled in Punjab India. At that time in Punjab, seven rivers were flowing.

Question 76.
The Aryan gave which name Punjab and define the name of the seven rivers?
Answer:
The Aryan given name to Punjab was Saptasindhu. The name of those rivers is Sindhu, Vitasta, Chandrabhaga, Iravati, Bipasa, Satadru, and Saraswati.

Question 77.
What was the first literature of the Aryans and when it was written?
Answer:
Veda happens to be the earliest literature of the Aryan race coming to India they began to write it.

Question 78.
What are the meaning of Veda and other names for it?
Answer:
The word Veda means supreme knowledge. The Aryans believed that the Vedas were the words of God. The other name of Veda is called Shruti.

Question 79.
Veda is divided into how many parts and what is the earliest Veda?
Answer:
Veda is divided into four parts such as Rigveda, Samveda, Yajur Veda, and Atharva Veda. The name of the earliest Veda is Rigveda.

Question 80.
Give an opinion against “Aranyaka”?
Answer:
Aranyaka is a part of Veda. There is a philosophical theme in it. There is six Aranyakas. In future times it was enlarged and came to be known as Upanishad.

Question 81.
Who was the head of the Aryan family and estimate his relation with family members?
Answer:
Father was the head of the Aryan family. The relationship between father, mother, brothers, and sisters rested on a sense of duty, devotion, affection, and cordiality. The younger members obeyed the senior members.

Question 82.
The Aryans believed in which system of life and what are they?
Answer:
The Aryans believed in the system of Chaturashrama or the fourfold division of life. They are Brahmacharya, Garhasthya, Vanaprastha, and Sanyasa.

Question 83.
Give an account of the tradition of the education system of the Aryans?
Answer:
In Vedic society, there was Gurukul where the students earned their education. With obtaining knowledge they also imported education for work efficiency, building good character, truth, honesty, etc.

Question 84.
What was the position of women in Vedic Aryan society and they secured which position?
Answer:
Women held a high position in Vedic Aryan society. They secured an equal position with men and also exercised much influence in domestic affairs.

Question 85.
What is the meaning of the Aryan word “Dough”? Are the Aryan girls fond of looking at the cow?
Answer:
The Aryan word “Dough” means milking the cow. Perhaps the Aryan girls were fond of looking after the cow as their domestic duty.

Question 86.
Was there child marriage in the Rig-vedic society? Was there seclusion of women?
Answer:
There was no child marriage in the Rig-vedic society. Girls live in the house of their parents till they attained marriageable age. There was no seclusion of women in Vedic society.

Question 87.
Were the Vedic women taking part in the highest socio-religious duties? Give the name of some important women in Vedic society?
Answer:
The Vedic Women took part in the highest socio-religious duties. They also studied Vedas, some important women personalities in Vedic times were Lopamudra, Ghosha, Viswavara, and Apala.

Question 88.
What were the dress materials of early Vedic people and what are they?
Answer:
The Aryans generally used cotton and woolen garments, sometimes deer skins were also used for the dress. The men were generally one lower and one upper garment called vasa and Adhivasa. The women in addition to the above two used an undergarment called “Nivs”

Question 89.
What was the daily food of the Aryan people?
Answer:
The daily food of the Rigvedic people consisted of barley, rice, beans, vegetables, milk, milk products, and cakes. They also ate non-vegetarian foods like fish, birds, goats, bulls, horses, etc. Ox, goat meat, and mutton were eaten. Bull cow meat was not touched.

Question 90.
What were the game and amusement in the Aryan society?
Answer:
The virile people in the Aryan society passed their time in boxing, hunting, and chariot race. The Aryans used many musical instruments like drums, flutes, harps, and cymbals.

Question 91.
What was the principal occupation of the Vedic Aryans for plowing the land? How many bullocks did they use?
Answer:
Agriculture was the principal occupation of the Vedic Aryans. For plowing land they used as many as 8,10 and 12 bullocks.

Question 92.
What type of industry was prevalent in Aryan times?
Answer:
The weaving of cotton and wool was the principal industry. Carpentry was a lucrative profession. The blacksmiths made weapons household implements and gold smith mode ornaments.

Question 93.
Give a short note about the internal trade of the Aryan people?
Answer:
The Rigvedic people carried trade among the members of the same tribe and also with other tribes sometimes traders made journeys to distant lands for larger profits on the trade.

Question 94.
What was the medium of exchange of Aryan trade? Name of the gold coin used by the Aryans?
Answer:
The medium of exchange in the Aryan trade was the barter system. The gold coin used by the Aryans was named “Nishka”.

Question 95.
Whether the Aryans had overseas trade?
Answer:
We do not know definitely whether the Aryans had overseas trade with west Asian countries. The Harappans had extensive trade with West Asia. Whether the Aryans were able to continue is not certain.

Question 96.
Which was the lowest unit in the Rigvedic society and what is a clan?
Answer:
The lowest unit of the Rigvedic society was the family. A number of families bound by ties of blood and other relations formed a clan.

Question 97.
Which unit formed in Rigvedic society as a union of several gramas and which was the higher unit?
Answer:
The union of several gramas formed a vis. The Jana was the higher unit.

Question 98.
Name of the leaders of grama, vis, and Jana?
Answer:
The leader of the grama was called Brahmani and that of a vis was called visit. The lord of the Jana was called Copa.

Question 99.
What was the prevailing form of Government and by which term the king was denoted?
Answer:
Kingship was the prevailing form of government. The king was denoted by the term “Rajan”.

Question 100.
Which form of government was by the Vedic tribes and what was the title of their leader?
Answer:
The Vedic tribes did not have a monarchical constitution. They were ruled by tribal chiefs, who formed an oligarchy. The title of their leader was known as Ganapati.

Question 101.
What was the prime and supreme duty of the king and the administered justice with the help of whom?
Answer:
The king had the prime and supreme duty to protect the life and property of his people from external and internal enemies. He administered justice with the help of (Priest).

Question 102.
The Rigvedic king had to consult popular bodies in grave political matters and act according to their decision?
Answer:
The Rigvedic king had to consult with popular bodies like “Sabha” and “Samiti” in grave political matters and act according to their decision.

Question 103.
The king attended to which meeting and what Rigveda suggested regarding the decision of this popular body?
Answer:
The king attended the meeting of the Samiti and took part in the debates. The Rigveda urged people to be unanimous. One-minded in taking decisions of the Samiti.

Question 104.
The Aryans expanded to which valley in the later Vedic period which places are mentioned in later Vedic literature?
Answer:
The Aryans expanded to the Ganga Yamuna valley in the later Vedic period. The places like Kosala and Videha are mentioned in the later Vedic literature.

Question 105.
Which high-sounding title of Raj came into vogue and which sacrifices were performed to signify the imperial of the monarchs?
Answer:
High-sounding titles like Ekrat now came into vogue. The sacrifices like Rajasuya, Vajapeya, and Asvamedha were performed to signify the imperial of the monarchs.

Question 106.
Apart from the officials in the Rigvedic period in the later Vedic age which new officials were appointed?
Answer:
Apart from the officials in the Rigvedic period in the later Vedic age new officials like treasurer, Ceuta or royal announcer, superintendent of gambling, etc.

Question 107.
In the later Vedic period far-reaching changes took place in the sphere of the four caste systems. Which two castes now enjoyed the highest privileges in society?
Answer:
In the later Vedic period far-reaching changes took place in the sphere of the four caste systems. Brahmanand Kshatriya now enjoyed the highest privileges in society.

Question 108.
What was the condition of women in the later Vedic age?
Answer:
The high position of women in the early Vedic age deteriorated. They lost their right to perform religious duties and lost their position in political affairs.

Question 109.
Were the four Ashramas became more regularised in the later Rigvedic age and the students got an education in which subject?
Answer:
The idea of four Ashramas became more regularised in the later Vedic age. The students got an education in philosophy, Vedas, scriptures ethics, etc.

Question 110.
What became the staple food of the later Vedic Aryans and what were the other items of food?
Answer:
Rice became the staple food of the later Vedic Aryans. The other items of foods were vegetables, meat, fish, etc. killing of cows was looked disfavor. Drinking wine on sure was still favored.

Question 111.
What were the chief crops of the later Vedic people and how many bullocks were used for deep plowing?
Answer:
The chief crops of the later Vedic people were rice, wheat, and barley. There were 24 nos of bullocks were used for plowing purposes.

Question 112.
What was the opinion of reference of Atharva Veda regarding the navigation in the seas by the later Vedic people?
Answer:
The later Vedic people became familiar with the navigation of the seas. According to the reference of the Atharva Veda, the people were aware of the eastern and western seas perhaps trading contact with Mesopotamia was established.

Question 113.
In later Vedic times who were hereditarily engaged in trade and by which name the rich merchants were called?
Answer:
In later Vedic times, the vaishyas were hereditarily engaged in trade. The rich merchants in this period.

Question 114.
Were there coins used in the later Vedic period and who used these coins as a unit of exchange?
Answer:
There was a coin named “Mishka” which was not ordinarily used. The merchants used this coin as a medium of exchange.

Question 115.
Who was the most powerful and popular God in the later Vedic age and in which name he was described in Rigveda?
Answer:
India was the most powerful and popular God in the later Vedic age. In Rigvedic he is described as the “Purandara” because he has destroyed the puas of the non-Aryans and ensured the security of his devotees the Aryans.

Question 116.
In the Vedic period language became the vehicle of expression of thought and towards the later Vedic age. This language became the language of which class?
Answer:
In the Vedic period, Sanskrit became the vehicle of expression of thought. Towards the later Vedic age, this language became the language of the upper class.

Question 117.
Atharva Veda contains which information?
Answer:
The Atharva Veda contains information on political, and social sciences, medicines, and also magic.

Question 118.
Regarding slavery in ancient Indian society what Meghasthenes has described?
Answer:
Meghasthenes came to India in the 4th century B.C. He found that slavery was unknown to Indian society.

Question 119.
Which kingdom was popular as Varanasi and in the remote past who was the ruler of Varanasi and what was his name?
Answer:
The Kasi kingdom was popular as the Varanasi kingdom. The name Varanasi is derived from the name of two rivers i.e.” Varuna” and “Asi”. The ancient king or ruler of Varanasi was Asvasena.

Question 120.
By consisting which modern area Kosala kingdom was constitute and what was the capital of Kosala?
Answer:
By consisting Ayodhya area of Uttarpradesh the ancient Kosala kingdom was constituted. Sribasti was the capital of Kosala.

Question 121.
Which two states were the democratic states in sixteen Mahajanapadas and here it was developed?
Answer:
Among the sixteen Mahajanpadas, Vrije and Malla were two democratic states. These two states were developed in the North-Western areas of India i.e., on the foothills of the Himalayas.

Question 122.
Anga was the neighbor of which kingdom and from which Veda we came to know about its name?
Answer:
Anga was a neighbor of Magadha. From Atharva Veda we came to know about Anga.

Question 123.
In the 6th century B.C. who was the ruler of Vatsa and he was initiated in which religion?
Answer:
In the 6th century B.C. Udayana was the ruler of Vatsa. He was initiated into Buddhism.

Question 124.
In the modern which area the Panchali kingdom was developed and in which century the democratic system established there?
Ans:
In the modem Rohilakhand area the Panchali kingdom was developed and in this century the democratic system was established there.

Question 125.
In Buddhist J a taka what had described regarding the port of Bhrugukachcha and now it is compared with which port?
Answer:
In Buddhist Jataka, it had described that Bhrugukachcha was an eminent port in ancient
Indian sea. Now it is compared with the port of Broch.

Question 126.
Define the word History?
Answer:
The word History comes from the ancient Greek word ‘histo’ meaning ‘known this’. History is the Study of the past. If we look closely at the word, we will find the word ‘story’ in it. In fact, history is the story of how people lived in earlier times.

Question 127.
What is the sources of History?
Answer:
With the help of historical clues, a historian writes the history of the past without which he can not reconstruct the past so these clues are called the sources of history. This source material can be divided into two categories, that is, archaeological and literary.

Question 128.
Archaeological Sources?
Answer:
For collecting information about the pre-historic, past historians have to depend solely on the remains or rains of the past. Archaeologists dig up sites where people might have lived and bring out various objects which have been buried under the earth for many years. These objects may include tools, jewelry, fossils, and arts and crafts. At times, houses where people live, temples where people went to worship, and even the layout of an entire city have been excavated by archaeologists. These provide valuable clues to historians for reconstructing the history of that period.

Question 129.
Epigraphy?
Answer:
The study of inscriptions is known as Epigraphy. In the absence of paper, people used sharp instruments to write on hard surfaces. These are referred to as inscriptions. Inscriptions may be found on seals, copper plates, stone pillars, rocks or temple walls. They provide valuable information. Though the Harappans were the first to inscribe their script on seals, these have not yet been deciphered so fax are those issued by Ashoka in the third century B.C.

Question 130.
Numismatics?
Answer:
The study of coins is known as numismatics coins struck at different times by different rules provide valuable dues regarding dates, names of rulers, regions where these have been struck as well as the metal sued. Ancient coins were made of copper-gold, silver, or lead. Coin molds made of burnt clay have been found in large numbers. Coins made of metal first appeared in the Buddhist period.

Question 131.
Write briefly about the position of Big Vedic women?
Answer:
Women enjoyed freedom. Some of the outstanding women of the age were like Gargi, Maitree, Apala Visvabara, Ghosha Sikata Lapamudra. They did not remain confined within the four walls of the house.

Question 132.
Write about the Sabha of the Rig Vedia age?
Answer:
The Sabha was a popular assembly to advise the King on administrative matters. The Sabha was the council of elderly people representing the wealthy and leading persons of the society. It was used to assist the king in the discharge of his functions.

Question 133.
Write about the Samiti of the Rigvedic Age?
Answer:
The Samiti was a popular assembly to advise the kings on administrative matters. It was a larger body consisting of representatives from each village or group. The Samiti was concerned with taking decisions on the matters of war and peace, maintenance of law and order selection of the King.

Question 134.
Write about the Chaturashram of the water Vedic age?
Answer:
Chaturashram or the four stages of life was a feature found in the society of dying later Vedic age. One’s life span was divided into four stages, namely, Brahmacharya. Grihastha, Vanaprastha and Samnyasa. To make life healthy and regulated, the divided into four stages.

Question 135.
How was the marriage system in the later Vedic Society?
Answer:
Polygamy and polyandry were practiced during this time by the kings and nobles. Marriage among near relations was not the practice. More rituals were observed in the marriage ceremony.

Question 136.
Write about the religion of the Harappan civilization?
Answer:
The Harappan worshipped the mother goddess, Lord Shiva as Pashupati, Pipai tree. Snake etc. The Harappans believed in life after death. They adopted the disposal of dead bodies.

Question 137.
Write about the dress of the Aryans?
Answer:
The dress of the Aryan was plain and simple. The Rigvedic Aryans wore three pieces of clothing. The upper piece was called Vasa paridhana. The undergarment was called Aivi or Antalya. Besides these two, they also wore an over garment called Adhi.

Question 138.
Write about the food of the Rigvedic Aryan?
Answer:
The food habit of the Rig Vedic Aryans was very simple. By and large, they were vegetarians. Barley, wheat, honey, fruits, milk, and products like curd, and Glu; end butter constituted their staple food.

Question 139.
Write about the political organization of the Vedic Aryans?
Answer:
A number of families constructed one Grama or Village, a group of villages constituted one vis and a group of vis constituted. A Kingdom or Janapada. The head of the village was called Grammar. The head of the vis was called visit and the head of the janapadas was called Rajan. The family was the foundation of the political organization of the Vedic Aryans. The head of the family was called Grihapati.

Question 140.
Chief features of town planning of Harappan civilization?
Answer:
The rains of the cities of the Indus valley civilization display the remarkable skill of the people in town planning and sanitation. The main features are cities with their wide and straight streets, efficient and covered drainage, structurally comfortable houses with bathrooms, and built of burnt bricks of various shapes. The most striking feature of Mahenjodaro is the Great Bath. It is a rectangular structure resembling a swimming pool. At Harappa, a number of granaries have been found.

Question 141.
Family system In early Vedic society?
Answer:
The evolution of the family system in the early Vedic period provided a bedrock for a healthy, happy, and prosperous society. Society was organized on the basis of the family as a unit. Each family was considered a cradle of values. A training ground for learning the duties and obligations towards individuals, the family, society, and humanity at large.

Question 142.
The rigidity of the caste system in the Later Vedic Age?
Answer:
The later Vedic period saw the rise of the rigid caste system Brahmanas, Kshatriya, Vaisya, and Sudra. It destroyed the values of human equality of the earlier days and created a distinction between man and man. Those who performed religious duties formed the priestly caste known as the Brahmana. Those who fought battles formed the warrior class called the Kshatriya. Those who looked to agriculture, trade or other productive works came to be known as the vaisya, and finally, those who performed social and human services to the society formed the lowest caste and were called the Sudra.

Question 143.
Gurukul system of education?
Answer:
The education system was formalized, the ‘Gurukul’ system emerged and the students began to live as family members with their teacher. This system became the forerunner of the modem boarding system. Besides Vedas, the Puranas, the Upanishads, Astronomy, Mathematics, and Military education also formed part of the curriculum. After the completion of education, ‘Dakshina’ or gifts and presents were offered to the teachers.

Question 144.
Position of women in the later Vedic period?
Answer:
During the later Vedic age, women lost their earlier status. Polygamy (marrying several wives of the man) was in vogue. Polyandry (possessing several husbands was also in vogue. The practice of swayamvar (choosing one’s husband) was prevalent in several sections of society. No doubt women had access to education but the status of women had been lowered during this period as compared with the Rigvedic Period.

Question 145.
Complicated Religious rituals in the later Vedic age?
Answer:
Elaborate rituals and sacrifices became the order of the day. Numerous rituals and animal sacrifices to appease these gods began to be performed. The kings performed sacrifices. Individuals also performed sacrifices in their homes. The chanting of mantras accompanied all the rituals. In course of time, rituals became so important that every important event was followed by an elaborate ritual. The priests performed these rituals and sacrifices and were given cows horses, gold, and cloth as gifts. The priests were looked upon as messengers of God. As a result, they enjoyed tremendous power and prestige.

Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 12 History Solutions Unit 1 Sources of Indian History Long Answer Questions.

CHSE Odisha 12th Class History Unit 1 Sources of Indian History Long Answer Questions

Long Type Questions and Answers

Sources Of Odisha History Question 1.
Discuss the various aspects regarding the relevance of History?
Answer:
History is a pressing social need. Whether he may be a play writer, storyteller, doctor, scientist, pact, educationist, or the common. It is for all History teaches us about the past. The study of the past is important to understand the events of the present. history continuous story of one event leading to another, the present cannot be understood without understanding the past.

History provides identity to a nation. It is a natural instinct for the people of every country nation or society to know of their past. Because it contains the descriptions of generation. A nation needs its identity before the world community. History provides identity. History is not merely a certificate of praise for any nation. It is both a source of inspiration as well as of warning.

If some particular reasons lead to a downfall at one time, the nation should remain wide awake against those follies not to suffer again. Thus, to the thinking minds and the rulers of men, History holds lessons about the strength and weaknesses of the nation. History because learn many lessons from it. If we study history, there is a lesser chance of repeating the mistakes made by our ancestors.

History teaches us how harmful and destructive wars can be. History reminds the people of its past glories and inspires the nation to face the challenges with courage. For example, during the evil days of British rule, the Indian Nationalists thought of their glorious past and inspired the people to stand up against the foreigners. Thus, history proves, how a small band of united people can defeat a much stronger enemy.

History of ancient and great countries has greater relevance in modem age when the man has conquered time & distance of the world is regarded as a ‘global village’ countries with rich historical heritage invites countless visitors from all parts of the world. This led sot greater understanding among nations. The teachings of great men in the mirror of histories such as Buddha, Gandhiji, Gum Nanak, Sri Chaitanya, and many others are of great relevance.

We try to follow their teaching in our daily lives. This makes us better human beings and helps society to function better. History is regarded as the highest court of justice to pass judgment on the deeds or misdeeds of great men of the past. However, a great one could have been he cannot escape the verdict of history. History is the eternal witness to man’s virtues and vices, good deeds wind evil doings.

History also holds lessons about good and bad governments. It is witness to various systems such as monarchy, oligarchy, aristocracy, despotism, and democracy. Showing the merits and demerits of different systems of governance helps modem society to choose its own method. History holds examples of how smaller notions like Greece.

Italy could fight for Independence against stronger powers by deriving pride from its ancient past. History has relevance for self-revival in times of crisis. To sum up, it may be said that the relevance of History in the supreme lessons of upholds regarding the victory of truth over untruth of justice over injustice, and of moral values over forces of evil. History shows the causes and consequences of various actions. It provides an ideal for mankind to uphold.

Sources Of History Question And Answer Question 2.
Verify the dignity of Archaeological and Epigraphical sources of Indian History?
Answer:
Historians reconstruct events of the past system manually and scientifically using various tools and sources of information. They depend on archeological and literary sources along with the study of coins, inscriptions, and accounts of foreign travelers. Archaeological sources include houses, temples, tools, jewelry, fossils, and other objects left behind by people.

Archaeological sources:
For collecting information about the pre-historic, past historians have to depend solely on the remains or nuns of the past. Archaeologists dig up sites where people might have lived and bring out various objects which have been lived and bring out various objects which have been buried under the earth for many years. These objects may include fools, jewelry, fossils, and arts and crafts. At times houses where people lived, temples where people went to worship, and even the log out of an entire city have been excavated by archaeologists.

These provide valuable clues to historians for reconstructing the history of that period. The knowledge of most of the ancient civilizations such as Harapan, Mesopotamian, and Egyptian is based on archaeological evidence. Archaeologists while digging have found such objects which throw light on the life of the people and give information about the objects they used.

However, the task of archaeologists is extremely difficult because in most cases, the excavated objects are in fragments and archaeologists have to study the pieces minutely and carefully to get an idea about their use. In their work, they have to take anthropologists, physicists, and biologists to determine the bone structure or age of an object, etc. However, in the case of monuments, buildings, and other objects found above ground level, they may not have such problems.

Epigraphy:
The study of inscriptions in knowledge as Epigraphy. In the absence of paper, people used sharp instruments to write on hard surfaces. These are referred to as inscriptions. Inscriptions may be found on seals, copper plates, stone pillar rocks, or temple walls. They provide valuable information. Though the Harappan were the first to inscribe their script on seals, these have not yet been deciphered.

The oldest Indian inscriptions to have been deciphered so far are those issued by Asoka in the third century B.C. Though the earliest inscriptions have been found on stone, copper plates were used by the First century A.D. such copper plates have been found near Taxila. Earlier inscriptions were in Prakrit. Ashok and edicts were inscribed in Greek Aramaic and karoshi Scripts in the language of the local people.

Sanskrit was used in inscriptions bearing the history of the Mauryan post-Mauryan and the Gupta period has been published like. Allahabad pillar inscription of Samudragupta, Junagarh inscription of Rudraman I. Aihole stone inscription of pulses II, etc. From the language, script style of composition, and the occasion when inscriptions were engraved we come to know about the political, social, economic conditions of the period to which they belong. The inscriptions being engraved on metals and stones cannot be tampered with without detection.

Numismatics:
The study of coins is known as numismatics coins struck at different times by different rules provide valuable clues regarding dates names of rules, regions where these have been struck as well as the metal sued. Ancient coins were made of Copper, Gold, Silver, or lead coin molds made of burnt clay have been found in large numbers. Coins made of metal first appeared in the Buddhist period.

They were made of silver or copper and were called punch-marked coins because pieces of these metals were punched with certain marks such as trees, fish, etc. Early coins were known as cricks or stamina. Most of the coins however belonged to the Kushana. period. People kept the coins in earthen or bronze used as precious hoards, to be used in times of heed. Such hoards coins have been found in the southern part of India especially in Arikameda on the eastern coast, indicating commercial contact with the Roman empire.

The Gupta period is well known for gold coins. Coins bore the names of the rules and often carried the image of the gold they worshipped. For example “Samudragupta’s coins show him playing the veena, so we can see that coins provide various types of information about a particular period. Socio-economic and cultural aspects of a particular period may be inferred from the details Quailable on coins. Thus, coins are important sources of information.

Sources Of History Question Answer Question 3.
Stress regarding the builders of the Indus valley civilization?
Answer:
Who were the builders of the Indus civilization on this point, historians hold different opinions. According to some, long before the Aryans came to India, the Dravidians lived on the soil of this land. They were highly civilized. They built the Indus civilization. It was thus pre-Aryan and pre-Vedic civilization. To others, Ariane was the makes of Indus civilization. They came much earlier than it is supposed.

Their early settlements were in the northwestern regions of India and the Indus valley. Mohenjo-Dara and Harappa were their work. The third opinion is the builders of the Indus civilization were the Sumerians of Mesopotamia or some other people of that group of men. It is for this reason that there is a good deal of similarity between the civilizations of the Samer and Indus valley. The last of the three opinions do not seem to be correct.

There were trade relations between Mesopotamia and India from very ancient times. Different goods of Mesopotamia came to this country and many Indian goods were sold in Samer or Babylon. It is for this reason that similar goods have been found from the rains of the Samer and Indus cities. It is also natural that many ancient peoples used similar things for their livelihood. But comparing such things one cannot say that people of both places belonged to the same race or group.

Thus the Indus Valley people and the people of Sumer or Babylon were not the same. The question, however, remains if they were Dravidians or Aryans. Enough though has been to this subject. It is seen at last that there were some basic differences between the Indus civilization and the Aryan civilization. In view of these differences, it is difficult to suggest that the Aryans were the author of the Indus civilization. John Marshall has described those differences in the following manner. The Vedic Aryans worshipped the Bull.

The Aryans were the worshippers of Nature, they performed yajna and offered prayers to their Gods. But the Indus people were devoted to a mother Goddess and they worshipped trees, animals, and snakes. The Aryans did not like to live in cities, they loved to live in a simple rural atmosphere a mind the beauty of Nature. But the people of Indus culture built beautiful cities and loved to live prosperous urban life.

The Aryans were not in great favor of trade and commerce, they did not like sea Voyages. But the Indus people were fond of trade and commerce for which they traveled far and wide across the seas. The ancient script and writings of the Aryans have not yet been discovered. But the Indus valley people had developed scripts that are available in plenty from the rains. The Aryans were a race of warriors, they used various weapons to attack others. But the Indus people seem to have been a peace-loving race.

The Aryans used horses very much. But the Indus people knew very little of that animal. With such differences between the Aryans and the Indus people, it will be perhaps wrong to say that the Aryans built the Indus civilization. It is imagined, therefore, that the Indus valley civilization was the work of the Dravidians. It may be said, however, that history needs still more evidence to accept this theory.

Sources Of History Questions And Answers Question 4.
Explain the Chief features of town planning in Harappan civilization?
Answer:
The ruins of the cities of the Indus valley civilization display the remarkable skill of the people in town planning and sanitation. The main features are cities with their wide and straight stress efficient and covered drainage, structurally comfortable houses with bathrooms, and built of burnt bricks of various shapes.

Roads:
The cities of the Indus valley were well-planned. The main roads followed a straight course from north to south and east to west intersecting at right angles. Houses were constructed in an orderly fashion on both sides of the Street. Harappa was famous for its town planning.

Drainage:
The drainage system was very impressive. The main drains covered with bricks or stones ran below the streets and were connected with the house drains. The bathrooms had sloping floors and drain that were connected to the street drains. The kitchen too had drained. The street drains ran along the sides of the street and were covered with bricks. They were cleaned at regular intervals. This system shows that the people paid great attention to health and Sanitation.

The citadel:
The cities were divided into two parts. The upper part has built on raised ground. It has been called the citadel or the acropolis. The citadel had high walls which provided protection during floods. It contained public buildings, religious structures, and granaries probably, the rating classes lived here. The lower part called the lower town was much bigger. It contained the houses and workplaces of the common people.

The Great bath:
The most striking feature of Mohenjodaro is the Great Bath. It is a rectangular structure resembling a swimming pool. There were some small bathrooms attached evidently for bathing before entering the Great bath provision was made for draining the bath when needed.

Granaries:
At Harappa, a number of granaries have been found surplus grains were stored in these granaries. Granaries were located near the bathroom. Near the granaries, circular brick platforms have also been found. They were probably used for threshing grain.

Sources Of History Question Answers Question 5.
Explain the socio-economic and religious life of the Indus valley people?
Answer:
Many things have been discovered from Mohenjodaro and Harappa. They include small images and seals. From the designs on the seals and the images, scholars, from ideas regarding the social economic, and religious conditions of the Indus civilization. There is other evidence also to give a clear picture of the Indus life. Below is given a brief account of the social, economic, and religious life of the Indus Valley people.

Social life :
The social life of the Indus people was highly developed. The Indus people were as advanced as the ancient. Egyptians and Sumerians are spheres of education. This is proved countless seals which contain very find scripts. Unfortunately, scholars have not yet been able to read the Indus scripts.

Attempts are being made to read them when they will be read many things will be known about the culture of that time. For the time it is enough to say that the existence of letters meant the existence of the art of writing. As many as 396 letters have been discovered so far. The Indus people lived a luxurious life. It is known from their ornaments and dress. People were fond of beautiful ornaments. The rich and the poor alike used them. The rich people used ornaments of gold, silver costly stones, and ivory.

The poor people used ornaments of copper, bones, and even burnt clay. Neckless, rings, earrings, and armlets are commonly used by women. Even men used different types of ornaments. The ornaments were artistic and attractive. The Indus people also used good dress. They were experts in the art of weaving.

In their food habits, the Indus people were quite advanced. They ate wheat, rice, barley, meat, fish, fruits, and vegetables and drank milk. They used cows, lambs, pigs, buffaloes, camels as domestic animals. Elephants were also used for various purposes. It is, however, not yet clear if they knew the use of horse and dog. The latest discoveries suggest, perhaps they did know. The Indus people knew the use of several metals.

They prepared many things of day to day use from those metals. Gold, silver, copper, tin bronze and lead were of common use. It is to be noted however that no iron has been discovered from the ruins of Mohenjodaro and Harappa. People made their utensils in copper or bronze. Earthen pots were used in plenty. They were painted in color. Toys of many kinds have been recovered from the rains.

Small figures of animals, birds men, and women were prepared in clay. Perhaps children used those as toys. The grown men and women played different games. They lived happy life. They enjoyed dancing. An attractive dress was used. Both men and women used combs and they liked attractive hairstyles. The bathrooms in every house prove that people believe in cleanliness. The Indus people were patrons of art.

Excellent ornaments, painted earthen pots, earthen toys of any kind, images made of bronze or stone, and the attractive designs on the seas give testimony to the love of the people for art. The figures of animals on the seas prove that the Indus artists and craftsmen were very competent in their work. The Indus valley people used copper and bronze weapons.

Battle axe dagger, spear, bow, and arrow were their main weapons. It is not yet clear if they used swords and shields. The Indus people used to bum or bury their dead. All these points give some idea about the social aspects of the Indus Valley civilization.

Economic life :
It can be easily said that the people who built great cities like Mohenjidaro and Harappa were economically prosperous. It is on economic foundations that an Urban civilization grows up. Mohenjudara and Harappa passed that foundation. It is believed that in those remote days there used to be heavy rains in the Indus region. Side by side the river Indus supplied much water for rice cultivation.

The soil was fertile and the Indus people were hardworking. They produced plenty of wheat and barley. According to some scholars, the living standard of the common men of the Indus valley than the standard of the common people in the Nice valley and Mesopotamia. The areas around Mohenjodara are still known as Pakistan or the ‘Garden of Singh’. The Indus people were also efficient in art and Crafts.

They were excellent weavers. They prepared beautiful dresses both in cotton and wool. Ornaments, weapons, utensils toys, and other goods of luxury were prepared by able artisans. Those groups of people were economically well off. The people of the Indus valley is wre great in trade and commerce. Inside India, they carried their business from the Kashmir Valley to the Deccan. For external trade, they moved far and wide. That was one of their chief achievements for fame.

They had trade relations with outside countries both through land and sea routes. It is known that the Indus people had close commercial relations with Sumeria, Egypt, and create. The seals of Mohanja-dar have been discovered in Mesopotamia. Similarly, the cuneiform writing of Mesopotamia has been discovered at Mohenjo- Daro. This proves the contact with the people at those two distant times. Agriculture, industry, and trade were the three chief occupations of the Indus valley people. Their economic condition, therefore, was prosperous.

Religious life :
From the relies on the Indus valley we get some idea about the religious life of that time from small female figures discovered from the rains some scholars believe that the people perhaps worshipped a mother Goddess, of course, it has not yet been possible to form a clear idea about that goddess. A female figure on a seal has created much interest. Some say it is the figure of the Earth Goddess. To others, it is the goddess of Nature.

The worship of the mother Goddess was prevalent in many ancient societies. The Indus people also might have believed that some people think that Mother Goddess of the Indus religion appeared as Goddess Durga or kali in the Indian Religion of the future ages. Besides the Mother Goddess, the people also worshipped a God. A beautiful figure appears on a seal which is like a powerful God.

Fie has three faces. There are harps on his head. He is sitting in the posture of a Yogi. On his four sides, there are figures of four animals, such as elephant, tiger, rhinoceros, and buffalo. Near his feet is the figure of a deer scholars feel that this god was Siva Pashupati. From a study of these figures, Sir John Marshall imagined that perhaps Saivism was the earliest religion of India. No temple has been discovered from the reigns of Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro, It is not clear, therefore how the people worshipped their Gods and Goddess.

May be the temples of Mohenjodaro are still lying buried under the Indus sands, not yet discovered. Similarly, the temple bricks of Flarappa might have been carried away from their original sites. The images or figures were all found in the dwelling houses of common men. It may be that the people of the Indus valley offered worship in their own houses. Besides the Mother Goddess and Siva, the Indus people also worshipped several other things and symbols.

They paid religious respects to the Bull, Tiger, Elephant, and some other animals that were also considered sacred, Perhaps these animals were regarded as the bananas of the deities. Some say that the Indus valley people worshipped even snakes. Similarly, worshipped several trees. It seems as if the religion of the ancient Indus Valley and the future Hinduism of India have similarities in many respects worship of Gods and Goddesses, animals, and frees, as was prevalent in the Indus valley, is also seen in the Hindu mode of worship.

It may be that the earliest religion did not disappear with the fall of the Indus civilization. The Aryans were influenced by the prevailing faiths of the Indus region. They accepted many features of pre-Aryan worship. From the faiths of the early Aryans later Hinduism developed. Sir Mortimer Wheeler believed that the worship of Siva came to later Hinduism from the ancient Harappan religion. The Harappans regarded the Bull as sacred.

So too, did the Hindus of later times. The similarities between the Indus religion and the later Hinduism prove that the civilization of India has maintained its unbroken continuity from a remote pre-historic past to recent times. The religion of India is a product of ages. It is vast and broad enough to cover the faiths of all peoples of all times who lived on the soil of this great country.

Sources Of Odisha History Pdf Question 6.
Discuss the authenticity of foreign accounts and their impact on Indian history?
Answer:
Accounts of Indian life and civilization written by foreign travelers are important sources for the writing of ancient Indian history classical or Greek writers have recorded information about India beginning from the Persian invasion in the 6th century B.C. Hero dots and Ofesias have narrated the history of the Persian domination over north-western India. The floodgate of Indian contact with the west was opened with the invasion of India by Alexander the Great.

The historians like searches, one serious, etc. who accompanied Alexander have recorded remarkable accounts about North-Western India and the story of Alexander’s invasion. Among the classical authorities in India, the most renowned is Megasthenes, the Seleukidian envoy to the court of Chandragupta Maurya. He wrote a remarkable book named the Indika, which depicts the political, and social life of the Indians.

The value of Indika as a source of ancient Indian history of Immense. Unfortunately, the contents of the book are not available in full. Strabo has recorded fragments ofMegasthenes account in their books. Dr. Sehwanbeek has collected and edited them. Platarch wrote a biographical sketch of Alexander in which narratives about his invasion of India are included. Justin wrote a book named Epitome which throws light on the early life of Chandragupta Maurya.

The periplus of the Erythralan sea supplies accounts for Indian ports, harbors, and goods. An unknown Greek sailor wrote this book in the first century A.D. No. a correct account of the economic and commercial life of India for the late centuries before Christ and for the late centuries before Christ and for the early Gentries can be written without the help of this book. Ptolemy’s Geography is a famous work.

Pliny has furnished a study of India’s flora and fauna in his Natural History. Quintus has written an account of Alexander’s Invasion of India depending on earlier records. The spread of Buddhism in China promoted contact of china with India. Buddhist pilgrims from china came to India to visit the holy places of Buddhism in India. Some of the pilgrims left valuable accounts about life and society in India.

Chinese historian SSA-ma chiefs composed an annual about India in the first century B.C. Chinese historian Fan-ye recorded information about the Yue-chi and the Kushanas. The Chinese pilgrim Fa- Hien visited. India in the reign of Chandra Gupta II. He left a good narrative about India which is regarded as a source of Gupta history. Fa-Hien visited North-western India and the Gangetic Valley.

His writing is devoid of any political matter. He was interested in Buddhism and social life in India. He lived in Pataliputra for six years and sailed for China from the port of Tamralipta in Bengal. He wrote several books on Buddhism in India, was Hiuen-Tsang. He visited India during Harshavardhana and left a detailed account of the political and social life of India. The name of his book is si-ya-ki.

This narrative is more descriptive and elaborate than the account left by Fa-Hien. But Huen-Tsang was not above a Buddhist bias which is evident from his unblessing eulogy for the Buddhist emperor Harsha. Tibetan historian Lama Taranatha’s writings named Dawa and Tangyur are also valuable sources. A comparative study of the classical and the Chinese sources would reveal that the classical writers were particular in the observation of political and administrative matters.

The Chinese travelers being mostly Buddhist pilgrims were indifferent to political events and administrative matters. They, however, give emphasis on the condition of Buddism and the social fragments contain details about Chandragupta’s administration his court and camp life, and the general condition of the People the flora and fauna of India. The Chinese accounts are not so complete and versatile.

From the 8th century AD, Arabian scholars like Al-Beruni visited India. Al-Beruni was a great scholar of Sanskrit. He has left a capital account in India. Al-Beruni’s work is named Tahaki Hind. It is a mine of information about India and her people other Arab writers like At Biladuri etc. may also be mentioned. The historical value of the foreign accounts about India can hardly be exaggerated.

These foreign writers often wrote with great detachment and critical observation. But their narratives suffer from several general defects. Firstly, most of the writers did not know the local languages and customs. Secondly, they did not stay in India for a long time. Thirdly, some of these writers particularly the Greeks did not always write from personal observation but from hearsay. As a result, they occasionally recorded wrong information,

Question 7.
Evaluate the relationship of the Indus civilization with the Sumerian civilization?
Answer:
Sumerologists find a striking resemblance between the Indus civilization and the ancient civilizations of Sumer and Mesopotamia. pictorial writings, the developed city life, burnt bricks, wheel-made potteries, the cult of the mother Goddess, the hairstyle of-Indus women, the use of bronze and copper for making implements are great points of similarities between the civilizations of the Indus, the summer and that of Mesopotamia.

The second notable point of resemblance between the three civilizations is that they flourished in the valley of great rivers like the Indus, the Euphrates, and the Tigris. The above similarities coupled with the mature character of the Harappan civilization have led some scholars to suggest that the Indus people had borrowed the pattern and ideas of their culture from the Sumerians and the Mesopotamians.

It is also argued that the citadels found at Harappa and Maheiijodaro bear the influence of the architectural designs of Sumer. Probably the firsts at Harappa and Mahenjodaro were erected by a foreign race most possibly the Sumerians. They built these first in order to impose their authority upon the local urban population. The citadels were drowning the cities with a hint of alien domination.

However, on a sober consideration of the matter, the theory of the Sumerian authorship of the Indus, civilization is-still in-the speculation. There is still a lack of concrete evidence to prove the theory of the Sumerian origin of the Indus civilization. Despite its close contact with Sumer, the Indus civilization had many peculiarities and features of its own. This has led prof Gordon childe to emphasize the distinctive character of the two cultures. In spite of many appearances.

Similarities between the two, the Harappan was distinctly Indian. In its origin, the Harappa culture was not a fruit of burrowing transplanting from the Sumerian culture. Dr. Basham has pointed out that the Indus civilization was the creation of a people who lived in the Indus valley for several centuries and that this great civilization and little to the Sumerian culture of the Middle East. Firstly, there was very little intellectual exchange between the two sister cultures.

Secondly, the Indus style of sculpture, the stone saving, the terra-cotta, and the art of Indus seals are basically local and peculiar to the Indus people. They bear no trace of foreign Influence. Thirdly, the resemblances between the two, civilizations may be their inherent cousinship or due to the Dravidian authorship of the Sumerian civilization. The same Dravidians are also supposed to be authors of the Indus civilization.

Thus, the integrity of the Indus civilization stands unchallenged. Kumaraswamy has suggested that the Indus civilization spread from the Indus Valley to the valleys of the Euphrates and the Tigris and became known as the Sumerian Mesopotamia civilization sir ariel stein has concluded that possibly a parent civilization grew up in a place in between the Indus valley and the Euphrates Valley and branched off to the east and the west. However, all these are hypothetical theories.

Their authenticity has not yet been proven. Though the theory of the Sumerian origin of the Indus civilization is a hypothetical one the fact remains that there was a good deal of intercourse between the Indus, Sumer, and Mesopotamia people. There is an overwhelming through the land route via Baluchistan and probably through the sea routes across the Persian Gulf also. Numerous Indus types of deals have been discovered at Sumer. Akkad and Elan. Again Sumerian articles though fewer in number have been discovered in the Indus Valley.

Question 8.
Discuss regarding the earliest home of the Aryans and their coming to Indian Soil?
Answer:
Among the various groups of mankind, the Aryans are the most famous. In the Sanskrit language, the word Arya means the man of noble character the ‘free-born’. The descendants of the ancient Aryan race spread over wide areas of Europe and Asia. From the, earliest Aryan language, classical languages such as Sanskrit, Latin, and Greek came into being. From these languages, several other languages developed. They are all from the Aryan family of languages.

The Earliest Home of the Aryans :
Nobody can say exactly which place on earth was the earliest home of the Aryan people. To some Indian scholars, the Aryans were the original inhabitants of India and they did not come to this land from outside. On the other hand, some Patriotic European scholars believe that the Aryans originally lived on the shores of the faraway Baltic sea. The majority of historians, however, believe that the early Aryans lived in that region of Europe which now comprises such places as Austria, Hungary, and Bohemia.

From their original home, the ancient Aryans spread away to different places. Going south and westward they divided themselves into several branches and entered Greece. Italy, Germany, Spain, and England came in another direction, they entered into Iron and India. The name Iran (Persia) comes from the word Aryanam which is the country of the Aryans In India, the Aryans first settled in the area known as Punjab.

At first, the name of that place was captained, or the land of the seven rivers. Subsequently, it was called Panchanada, or the land of the Five Rivers. Punjab means the land of the five1 Rivers. The fact that the Aryan tribes of Europe and Asia came; from common ancestors is known from their earliest religious and social ways of life. From the original Aryan word Dyu, came the words Deva in Sanskrit, Deas in Latin Zeus in Greek.

Tiu in Saxon and Zio in German. The original fire God of the ancient Aryans became Agni in India, is in Italy, and in East European lands. The use or Dawn of the Indian Aryans was the same as the EOS of the Greeks and Aurora of the Italians. Similarly from the root family terms of the ancient Aryans came such words as Peter Matar.

Bharat and Duhitar in Sanskrit and Father, Mother, Brother, and Daughter in English. Many such words in Sanskrit and several European languages came from the same Aryan roots. Though they came from the same ancestors, the different branches of the Aryan people in course of time lived as separate races and developed their separate individualities.

Coming of the Aryans to India:
The time when the Aryans entered India is yet a subject of debate. Attempts are made to know that time from Vedic literature. According to some learned Indians like Bal Gangadhar Tilak, the earliest Veda, favors as the Rigveda, was composed about 4,500 years before Christ. The Aryans must have come, therefore, several generations before that time. According to a famous western scholar. H.T. Colebrooke discovered the Vedas for the Western people the composition of all the Vedas was perhaps finished by the 14th century B.C.

For several centuries before that, they must have settled in Punjab. Max Muller believed that the Vedas were composed about 1500 years before Christ. Another western scholar Whitney believed that the hymns of the Rigveda were composed between 2,000 B.C. and 1,500 B.C. Most likely, the Aryans entered India around 2,000 years before the birth of Christ.

This opinion is held by the majority of historians. Soon after their entry into India, the Aryans began to compose the Vedas. Much about their early life in India is known from the descriptions in the Vedas. At first, they settled in the Punjab region where the rivers, Sindhu, Vitasta, Chandrabhaga, Iravati, Bipasa, Satadru, and Saraswati flowed.

At that time they had to fight against the primitive people of the land as well as perhaps with the civilized Dravidians. The enemies were described in the Vedas as Dasyus and Asuras. In course of time, the Dravidians migrated towards the south, and the primitives retired into mountains, hills, and forests. The conquered or subjugated enemies were described as the Dasas.

From Punjab, the Aryans moved eastward into the river valleys Ganges and Yamuna. They called that region Madhya Desa. Gradually they spread over the whole of the Uttarapatha. The Landmass between the Himalayas and the Vindhyas and from the western seas east was named as the Aryavarta.

Question 9.
Evaluate Regvedic society and discuss their economic life?
Answer:
The early Vedic society represented human quality and simplicity at their best. It was a society of high moral standards. It showed advanced civilization, a settled and organized human relationship. The Aryan families were the backbone of the society. Society was organized on the basis of the family as a unit. Each home was like an abode of happiness. This is because the Aryans laid great emphasis on the virtues of family life.

A good family man was a good social being. Usually, the father was the head of the family. As the head, he controlled the other members. The younger members senior members. The relationship between father, mother, brother, and sisters rested on a sense of duty, devotion, affection, and cordiality. The size of a family could be big enough to contain many members from grandparents to grandchildren.

But they all lived in peace. In their daily life, the Aryan householders lived in plain living and high thinking. Truth, mercy kindness, goodness, mutual help, and understanding were the ideals of family life. The Aryans believed in the system of Chaturashrama or the four-fold division of one’s life. At a young age when the man received education and training, he practiced Brahmacharya.

Thereafter he married and led the Garhasthva life or the life of a house-holder. When the man reached the third stage of his life, he adopted Vanaprastha. During that period he lifted in a cottage away in the forests to perform religious duties. In the final phase of life in old age, he practiced the Sannyasa Vrata by renouncing everything. These practices showed the disciplines of the Aryan life.

Women held a high position in the Aryan Society. Inside the family, they played a prominent role. They exercised much influence in domestic affairs. In religious ceremonies and festivals, women enjoyed equal place with men. Before their marriage, Aryan daughters received education in the house of their parents. The word Duhitri in Sanskrit and Daughter in English came from the root Aryan word Dough which means milking the cow.

Perhaps the Aryan girls were fond of looking after the cows as their domestic duty. There was no child marriage in the Rigvedic society. Girls lived in the house of their parents till they attained marriageable age. They had the freedom to select their husbands of arranged marriages were a more usual custom. Marriage was considered a sacred obligation in Vedic culture.

It was indissoluble. There was no secession of women in the Vedic society. The Vedic women took part in the highest socio-religious duties. They studied the Vedas. Some of them like Lopamudra Ghosh, Vishwavara and Apala became mortal as the authors of the Vedic hymns.
The most praised worth feature of the early Vedic society was the social equality of men. All Aryans were equal among themselves.

There was no caste system to separate man from man. Every Aryan could learn the Vedas could fight battles as a soldier, and work as a cultivator. It is only the conquered people who were given a lower rank in society as the basis. In brief, the Rigvedic Aryans lived in an ideal society that was unique in the ancient world.

Economic Life:
The economic condition of the people in the early Vedic society was prosperous. The Aryans were a hard-working race. They were also believers in the simple life. They loved to live in villages. Their economic activities mostly centered around their villages. Agriculture was the Chief occupation of the Vedic Aryans. They regarded cultivation as the main source of their livelihood. Around every village, there were plenty of cultivable lands and wide pastoral fields for cattle.

Each family had its own land to grow crops. Grasslands for the animals were held in common by all villagers. The lands under cultivation were called kshetra. The Aryans depended much on the rains and rivers for agriculture. They also took water from canals to their fields. To make the land service, they used manure. Dhan and you were the two chief products of agriculture. Since the lands were fertile in those days and the population was small, there was enough food in Vedic India to keep the people happy and self-sufficient.

Next to agriculture, the Vedic Aryans paid great attention to the rearing of cattle and various other domestic animals. Milk was regarded most useful and cows paid the minimum care. In every village, there were cowherd boys to drive the cattle to the green pasture lands. Sheep, goats, and horses were the other useful animals in Vedic society. The early Aryans also developed trade, commerce, and industry.

Merchants were there to carry various useful goods from place to place. Varieties of cloth, metal goods, and skin products were sold by traders in different markets. Carts drawn by horses and oxen usually carried the articles of trade. Boats were used in rivers for internal movements of goods. Rare evidence is also there to prove that the Vedic Aryans had maritime activities across the seas.

Cottage industries flourished in Vedic society. In most villages, there were weavers smiths, metal – workers carpenters, and also tanners. Artistic goods were made at select centers ornaments, weapons, chariots, implements for cultivation, utensils, and many other useful things were made by the people for regular use. The Aryans loved to eat rice, barley, milk, meat fish, and fruits.

In festivals and religious occasions. They used to drink soma rasa, on the whole, the economic life of the Vedic period was a life of plenty and prosperity. It is said that the early Aryans did not build big cities or Nagara. But they built strongholds and forts known as PURA with walls around and strong houses inside.

Question 10.
Evaluate the political status of the early Vedic people?
Answer:
The Aryans were a powerful people. The Aryans were a powerful people. They came to India in an organized way. As they spread themselves in India and settled permanently they developed political organizations in their society for a better life.

The nature of the Vedic political organization was as follows:
Several families formed a village or the Gram. The head of the Grama was called Gramani. He regulated the affairs of the village maintained peace in his area. Several villagers formed a district or canton which was very big in size, and the visit ruled more or less like a king. Several districts formed A Jana or people, which was like a big political unit or the Rastra. The Rastra or the state or the Jana was ruled by a head named the Rajan or the king.

He was said to be “without a rival and a destroyer of rivals” In later times, when the territory became big in size the Rajan became a Samrat In Vedic India, the kingship was generally a hereditary institution. The kind occupied a position of honor. He was appointed by the chief priests. He usually enjoyed the confidence and loyalty of the people. He lived in his palace. In dress, manners, and style he maintained the dignity of royalty. The son of the king had his right to his father’s kingdom.

Because of such continuity, it was the duty of the railing king to train his successor in the art of good government as well as in various virtues required of a monarch. In places, the subjects also could elect or select a king for their land. The king appointed several officers. Among such officers, the purohit or chaplain, the scenario or the commander of the army, the Duta or the messenger, and the Gramani or village headman played a prominent role.

The king also had his adviser or ministers. He appointed spies to collect information about the people. The king was required to perform two main duties. One was the protection of his land and the people from outside enemies. For this, he maintained his army. The other was to serve and please tie people. The king or the Rajan of the Vedic age was not an autocrat.

He governed according to the laws and customs of the land according to religious beliefs and with the advice of the seers, Sagar, and elders. There was even some kind of popular assemblies in those days called Samiti to give opinions on the affairs of the state. There was also the Sabha or council of Elders, containing wise men to advise the Government. The monarchy was thus limited. It is also understood that in places there was some kind of republican can government among some of the Aryan tribes.

The term Gana or people was perhaps used for such a state. Its head was called Ganapati or Jyeshtha (elder). On the whole, the Vedic political organizations were sound and stable. The state rested on the foundations of ethics, morality, virtue, and popular will. In course of time, smaller kingdoms fielded place to bigger kingdoms. Powerful monarchs wanted to rule over larger territories. Stronger political units and organizations thus became the need of the time.

Question 11.
Narrate the religious life of the early Vedic people?
Answer:
The Aryans were deeply religious. Their spiritual thoughts were of the highest order. Among the ancient races of the earth, no race was equal to the Indian Aryans of the early Vedic age in spiritual and religious thoughts. While the whole world was in the darkness of ignorance and blind beliefs, Rigvedic India held the lamp of wisdom. Among the ancient most religious of mankind, the Vedic religion is considered the best.

The Rigvedic Aryan’s thoughts of the supreme creator through the creation. Nature represented the different manifestations of that creation. They, therefore, became the worshippers of Nature. The mighty elements of Nature were regarded by the Aryans as their gods. All the useful elements of Nature appeared in divine form in the Aryan religious thoughts.

While the whole world was in the darkness of ignorance and blind beliefs, Rigvedic India held the lamp of wisdom. Among the ancient-most religions of mankind, the Vedic religion is considered the best. The Rigvedic Aryans thought of the supreme creator through creation. Nature represented the different manifestations of that creation. Therefore became the worshippers of Nature.

The mighty elements of nature were regarded by the Aryans as their Gods. All the useful elements of nature appeared in divine form in the Aryan religious thought. Dyaus or the shining sky, Prithivi or Mother Earth Indra or the God of Rain and Thunder, Varuna or the Lord of waters, Surya or the illuminator Market or the Lord of stones, Vayu pr the God of wind.

Agni or the God of Fire, and Usha, or the goddess of Dawn, were the famous divinities of the Aryan worship. Every one of them was a part of nature. While believing in several Gods and Goddesses the early Aryans developed faith in the supreme Being who was the creator of all Every other god was only his representation.

Therefore, they sang:
“They call him, Mitra, Varuna, And Agni To what is one the poets give much anime, They call it Agni, Yama, Matrisvan.” The seers and sages of Vedic India were the epitomes of wisdom. They searched for the origin and meaning of the universe and came to know the first cause of creation. “Neither death nor deathlessness existed of day and night there was yet no distinction. Alone that one breathed calmly, supported, other than it was none, nor aught above it.”

While the religious faith of the Vedic Aryans was deeply spiritual their religious practices were simple. They performed Yajnas in which they made offerings of ghee, milk, grain, and other things while singing hymns in honor of gods and goddesses. In their religious conduct, they became virtuous, kind charitable, and truthful. This was the early Vedic civilization glorified. The social political and religious conditions of the time were the brightest proofs of that great civilization.

Question 12.
Explain the inner system of Later Vedic Society?
Answer:
The greatest change that the later Vedic period saw in the Aryan society was the rise of the rigid caste system. It destroyed the values of human equality of the earlier days and created a distinction between man and man. It was natural that there should be different kinds of work in any society at any time. Generally, the people were required to perform four sets of duties. Some were bound to perform worship, prayers, and religious rites.

The second group of men had to learn the arts of warfare to fight battles against enemies or invaders. The third set of people was called upon to cultivate lands, carry on trade and commerce, and produce necessary goods for the need of tire society. The fourth group of people had to perform various social-service works from sweeping or cleaning to other works of personal needs. Any man could do any such work according to his own free choice or ability.

In course of time, these four main works led to the rise of four main castes. Those who performed religious duties formed the priestly caste known as the Brahmana those who looked to agriculture, trade, or other productive works came to be known as the Vaisya. And finally, those who performed social and menial services to the society formed the lowest caste and were called the Sudra.

The supreme tragedy of this division of labor was that the castes became hereditary. son of a Kshatriya even if learned could not be a Kshatriya. Secondly, the Brahmana and ‘the Kshatriya regarded themselves as higher classes and made a monopoly of social privileges. key looked down upon the other classes. Intermarriage among the castes stopped. Two more evils followed. First, some castes broke into several sub-castes.

For example among the Vaisya caste, several divisions rose up according to hereditary professions. Cultivators, merchants, smiths, carpenters, and artisans formed distinct castes. The studies were also divided into many sections. Secondly the Sudras, because of their mental works, came to be regarded as impure. The Upper castes needed their services in most matters but denied them many social privileges.

The non-Aryan tribes who were taken into society became members of the Sudha caste. That also was a reason for considering the Sudra as inferior. The caste system became more and more rigid. The evils of inequality became more painful to the lower castes. A time, therefore, came when Buddhism and Jainism appeared as strong movements against such evils. During the later Vedic age, women also lost their earlier status. Polygamy or marrying several wives by the man became a social vice.

The higher castes practiced this system because of their wealth child marriages also appeared. The Dowry system was practiced. Women gradually lost their right to property cause women still enjoyed their equal position with men in religious matters. They still received education and could show their talent. Celebrated women like Gargi and M’aitreyi showed their merit in the spheres of highest learning. On the whole, the later Vedic Society became the forerunner of the social systems of the future Hindus India.

Question 13.
Evaluate the religious life of the later Vedic People?
Answer:
During the later Vedic period, much of the simplicity of the Rigvedic religion was lost. The hold of the priestly class became more absolute. The priests developed complicated modes of worship. Sacrifices became more common. The rites and rituals became difficult. Superstitions entered in the name of religion. Fear of evil spirits and witches came in. Philosophical and theological speculations became more complex.

In the spirit of such developments, the later Vedic sages laid greater emphasis on the faith in the supreme being the Absolute. The concept of the param Brahma or the Paramatma dominated the man’s mind. The supreme Gods like Vishnu or Siva were paid greater devotion. The later Vedic period produced many religious doctrines to influence Indian thought forever. The doctrine of karma or results according to deeds.

Maya or illusion, Mukti or the supreme release, Jan antra or the transmigration of souls, etc. made a deep impact on the Aryan mind. The individual soul or Jiva came from the universal soul or Brahma and could go back to that origin. This was possible through the most correct ways of life and thought. Tat Twain Asi or That Thou Art was the identification of the individual Atman with the universal Atman.

The supreme goal of life was the Moksha or the liberation when the individual sous were absorbed in the universal soul. Thus, cm side there developed deep spiritual ideas in the later Vedic age which had no parallel elsewhere in the world. The deep-rooted superstitions began to dominate the mind of the common man making religious practices mostly meaningless. Amid such developments future Hinduism was beginning to take its shape.

Ramayana and Mahabharata:
Towards the dose of the Vedic age the Ramayana and the Mahabharata were composed. These two great Epics became the fountain source of Indian religious and spiritual thoughts, Balmiki was the author of the Ramayana. The Chief .characters of this Epic represented the highest ideals of worldly life. The Aryan virtues and nob RV were reflected in them.

The political social and religious conditions of that time arc known from the Ramayana. Vyasa was the author of the Mahabharata. describes every aspect of life and thought of that remarkable period. Its influence on the future is deep. Srimad Bhagavad Gita is a part of the Mahabharata. It contains the highest spiritual thoughts of everlasting value

Question 14.
Narrate the economic condition of later Vedic Aryans?
Answer:
In the later Vedic age the economic activities of the Aryans grew greatly. The population began to increase and so also did the number of Aryan settlements. New kinds of works and efforts appeared side by side. New means of livelihood were discovered and developed. The Aryans became more concerned with the progress of agriculture. In the fertile soil of the Gangetic valley, they cultivated many types of crops. They improved the modes of cultivation.

For example, for using heavy plows in fields, they even engaged as many as 24 bullocks in each plow. The Aryans learned more and more about the use of different metals. They made different types of weapons, ornaments agricultural implements, various tools for work, and other equipment. With the expansion of Aryan settlements and the rise of bigger kingdoms, roads and communication systems, began to develop.

As a result, the volume of trade and commerce increased. It is known from the Atharva Veda that there were different types of roads in those days. There were ordinary paths for walking winder roads for bullock carts, and better roads for swift-running chariots. The traders and merchants carried their goods to distant places for better communication facilities. Side by side, travel by boats in rivers became more common.

Trade relations between distant places on the river banks developed rapidly. Both by land and water routes the merchants carried on their economic activities. It was during this time that the Aryan traders ventured into the seas for external trade. This was a notable feature of the later Vedic age. It was during the later Vedic age that the Aryans improved the art of weaving to a remarkable extent.

Various types of costly and attractive dresses and clothes were made to meet the new social demands. As the people became richer, there were greater demands for gold ornaments. Goldsmiths of that time were more advanced in their profession than in earlier times. They made ornaments in new designs and in a good many numbers. The art of pottery was also developed.

The blacksmith, too, enlarged the scope of their work to meet new demands. During the later Vedic age, plenty of fertile lands were available all over the Indo-Gangetic plains. Being very hardworking, the Aryan Cultivatoks produced enough to meet the needs of society. On the whole, the later Vedic Aryans Lived an economically prosperous Life.

Question 15.
Discuss the socio-economic condition in the 6th century B.C. or at the time of sixteen Mahajanasadas?
Answer:
In the sixth century B.C., most of the people of India lived in the villages. The villages were of varying sizes. They were inhabited by a number of families. These families were very large consisting of various members from the grand-father to the grandsons including their wives and children. Agriculture particularly the cultivation of rice was the Chief occupation of the. people, other kinds of grains, sugarcane fruits, and vegetables were also cultivated.

A method of irrigation by community attempt and protection of field by community fencing came into vogue. Channels were dug at the boundary of each plot for cooperative irrigation. The village headman supervised the operation of these schemes. Arable land was absent of big estates-peasant proprietorship was the general custom. Land could be sold by the owner. But custom demanded that he should not sell his land to an outsider of the village.

There were common pasture lands for grazing cattle. The burden of taxes varied from 1/6 to 1/12 of the produce which collected through village headmen. The tax was generally paid in kind. We have no direct evidence regarding the system of taxation in the republican states. But Prof. Rhys Davids has suggested that the republics must have some system of taxation. Famine and scarcity due to floods or failure of rain were not unknown. The Buddhist records refer to famines.

Cattle rearing trade and commerce formed other occupations of the people. Partnership for trade was a common practice. Trade relation within India was wide. Trade with foreign lands by sea became fashionable also. Inland trade was carried by caravans while foreign trade was carried by ocean-going vessels. Many parts grew up along the coast for the export and import of goods. Bhrigukachchha or Bharuch, support known so para on the western coast became famous parts.

Inland cities like Taxila, Ujiaini, Champa, Rajagriha, and Ayodhaya also became great emporiums for trade. Occupations tended hereditary in the sixth century B.C. caste system began to be crystallized in this period. Though there was no iron-bound truth for the son to follow the calling of the father. There are many instances of the chance of occupation. A brahmana became a cultivator or a trader.

Again many Kshatriyas were cultivators of the soil spite of such departures there was a marked tendency towards rigidity of caste. Change of hereditary occupation was disliked inter-dining and inter-marriage between different castes were disfavoured. The barter system has ceased to exist and transactions were made with copper coins called Kar shaping weighing 140 gains.

Gold coins were rare in this period. Arts and crafts in this period were generally practiced for the needs of society. The black-smith, gold-smith, fanner, potter, etc made their articles for the people. Specialization in arts tod crafts appeared. Guides of work with elected presidents were also formed.

Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 12 History Solutions Unit 4 British Economic Policies in India (1757-1857 A.D.) Objective Questions.

CHSE Odisha 12th Class History Unit 4 British Economic Policies in India (1757-1857 A.D.) Objective Questions

Multiple Choice Questions with Answers

Question 1.
According to which historian it is known that “the village groups of small republics used the necessary goods properly and enjoyed it”?
(a) Elphinstone
(b) H. G Wells
(c) Lord Acton
(d) Henry Adams
Answer:
(a) Elphinstone

Question 2.
Which system was famous in the village industry?
(a) Iron industry
(b) Gold industry
(c) Cloth weaving
(d) Wood Industry
Answer:
(c) Cloth weaving

Question 3.
For which raw material India was famous in the world?
(a) Coffee
(b) Tobacco
(c) Cotton
(d) Jute
Answer:
(c) Cotton

Question 4.
In ancient times which country’s emperors and empresses prefer to use Indian Muslim and velvet clothes?
(a) Arab
(b) China
(c) Greek
(d) Egypt
Answer:
(d) Egypt

Question 5.
After victory in the battle of Plassey the English people at first captured which region?
(a) Bengal
(b) Punjab
(c) Odisha
(d) Maharastra
Answer:
(a) Bengal

Question 6.
At first in which country of the world machinery industrial system took place?
(a) France
(b) England
(c) German
(d) China
Answer:
(b) England

Question 7.
When flying shuttle invented in England?
(a) 1757 A.D.
(b) 1758 A.D.
(c) 1760 A.D.
(d) 1764 A.D.
Answer:
(c) 1760 A.D.

Question 8.
When the steam engine was invented at England?
(a) 1760 A.D.
(b) 1764 A.D.
(c) 1768 A.D.
(d) 1770 A.D.
Answer:
(c) 1768 A.D.

Question 9.
To see the misfortune of the weavers of India which Governor-general has said “Such type of distress is rarely available in history. The skeleton of the Indian weavers make the plain lands white”?
(a) Lord Wellesley
(b) Lord William Bentick
(c) Lord Ripon
(d) Lord Curzon
Answer:
(b) Lord William Bentick

Question 10.
At the time of the English administration which Governor-general introduced permanent settlement?
(a) Lord Clive
(b) Lord Wellesley
(c) Lord Cornwallis
(d) Lord Dalhousie
Answer:
(c) Lord Cornwallis

Question 11.
In 1780 which Governor-general has given the calculation that “In every year gold costing value of 40 lakh rupees supplied to England”?
(a) Lord Cornwallis
(b) Lord Wellesley
(c) Lord William Bentick
(d) Lord Waren Hastings
Answer:
(d) Lord Waren Hastings

Question 12.
By whose reference Lord Cornwallis introduced permanent settlement?
(a) Captain Reed
(b) Sir John Shore
(c) Thomas Munroe
(d) Henry Mekenjee
Answer:
(b) Sir John Shore

Question 13.
In which year Lord Cornwallis introduced permanent settlement in India?
(a) 1790 A.D.
(b) 1781 A.D.
(c) 1793 A.D.
(d) 1757 A.D.
Answer:
(a) 1793 A.D.

Question 14.
In the reign of which Governor general for the first time Railway system prevailed in India?
(a) Warren Hastings
(b) Lord William Bentick
(c) Lord Dalhousie
(d) Lord Curzon
Answer:
(c) Lord Dalhousie

Question 15.
When world’s first passenger Railway line inaugurated in England?
(a) 1757 A.D.
(b) 1795 A.D.
(c) 1805 A.D.
(d) 1825 A.D.
Answer:
(d) 1825 A.D.

Question 16.
Which England personality made wakeful to English government that “If the railway system began in India then a massive rise of the economy in England”?
(a) Roland Macdonald Stephenson
(b) Nikolson
(c) Sir Lawrence
(d) Sir John Shore
Answer:
(a) Roland Macdonald-Stephenson

Question 17.
In which year did railway line work began and accelerated in India?
(a) 1830 A.D.
(b) 1850A.D.
(c) 1852 A.D.
(d) 1853 A.D.
Answer:
(a) 1850 A.D.

Question 18.
In which year was the railway line of India and the entire Asia continent inaugurated?
(a) 1852 A.D.
(b) 1840 A.D.
(c) 1851 A.D.
(d) 1853 A.D.
Answer:
(a) 1853 A.D.

Question 19.
Railway line inaugurated in India connected which two places?
(a) Bombay to Thane
(b) Pune to Bombay
(c) Bombay to Delhi
(d) Kolkata to Raniganj
Answer:
(a) Bombay to Thane

Question 20.
When telegraph line installed in India?
(a) 1850A.D.
(b) 1852 A.D.
(c) 1853 A.D.
(d) 1866 A.D.
Answer:
(b) 1852 A.D.

Question 21.
For the prevailing telegraph system in India which scientific engineer took charge?
(a) Sir John shore
(b) Sir Rutherford
(c) Sir O.Sanesi
(d) Sir Stephenson
Answer:
(c) Sir O.Sanesi

Question 22.
At the time of Dalhousie’s departure from India how many miles of telegraph line were installed?
(a) 2000 miles
(b) 3000 miles
(c) 4000 miles
(d) 5000 miles
Answer:
(c) 4000 miles

Question 23.
By 1840 which gifted man introduced in England the system of Penny postage?
(a) Sir Roland Hill
(b) Sir John Shore
(c) Sir Rutherford
(d) Sir O.Sanesi
Answer:
(a) Sir Roland Hill

Question 24.
In which year the half-penny postal system permitted by the English government in India?
(a) 1850A.D.
(b) 1852 A.D.
(c) 1845 A.D.
(d) 1860A.D.
Answer:
(b) 1852 A.D.

Question 25.
Which Governor-general prevailed postal system in India?
(a) Lord Cornwallis
(b) Lord Hastings
(c) Lord Wellesley
(d) Lord Dalhousie
Answer:
(d) Lord Dalhousie

Question 26.
When Lord Dalhousie prevailed new postal system?
(a) 1850 AD.
(b) 1852 A.D.
(c) 1853 A.D.
(d) 1854 A.D.
Answer:
(d) 1854 A.D.

Question 27.
To whom importance was given in the Rayatwari land revenue system?
(a) Village Committee
(b) Government
(c) Cultivator
(d) Landlord
Answer:
(c) Cultivator

Question 28.
In which region Rayatwari system first introduced?
(a) Madras, Bombay, East Punjab & Assam
(b) Bengal and Bihar
(c) Odisha & Madhyapradesh
(d) Uttarpradesh
Answer:
(a) Madras, Bombay, East Punjab & Assam

Question 29.
When Mahalwari system introduced in India?
(a) 1832 A.D.
(b) 1833 A.D.
(c) 1852 A.D.
(d) 1857 A.D.
Answer:
(a) 1833 A.D.

Question 30.
At the time of which Governor-general Mahalwari system was introduced?
(a) Lord Cornwallis
(b) Lord Warren Hastings
(c) Lord William Bentick
(d) Lord Curzon
Answer:

Question 31.
In India, in which region Mahalwari system came into force?
(a) Agra and Ayodhya
(b) Bombay and Thane
(e) Bombay and Pune
(d) Delhi and Ghaziabad
Answer:
(a) Agra and Ayodhya

Question 32.
Which personality is involved in the Mahalwari system?
(a) Thomas Munroe
(b) Holt Mekengi
(c) Warren Hastings
(d) Sir Hobbes
Answer:
(b) Holt Mekengi

Question 33.
Which type of revenue system prevailed in the Ottawa district of Uttar Pradesh?
(a) Talukdari system
(b) Mahalwari system
(c) Rayatwari system
(d) Permanent settlement
Answer:
(a) Talukdari system

Question 34.
Which European country exempted import duty on Indian clothes?
(a) England
(b) France
(c) Holland
(d) Spain
Answer:
(c) Holland

Question 35.
For the development of which cultivation the court of Directors has sent American – experts to India?
(a) Tea
(b) Wheat
(c) Oil seeds
(d) Cotton
Answer:
(d) Cotton

Question 36.
Novelist Bankim Chandra Chaterjee has given information regarding “saint rebellion” in which of his book?
(a) Eminent Indian struggle
(b) Anand Math
(c) External flow of wealth
(d) Jaganana
Answer:
(b) Anand Math

Question 37.
How many saints were Saint in Bengal for which the “Saint rebellion” began in force?
(a) 140
(b) 130
(c) 150
(d) 120
Answer:
(c) 150

Question 38.
Khurda revolt is known in which other name?
(a) Paika revolt
(b) Cultivator revolt
(c) Saint revolt
(d) Rayat revolt
Answer:
(a) Paika revolt

Question 39.
When English government confiscated the wealth of Buxi Jagabandhu?
(a) 1813 A.D.
(b) 1814 A.D.
(c) 1803 A.D.
(d) 1824 A.D.
Answer:
(a) 1813 A.D.

Question 40.
Who was the king of Puri at the time of the Khurda revolt?
(a) Mukunda Deva
(b) End Mukunda DeVa
(c) Prataprudra Deva
(d) Rudrasena
Answer:
(b) End Mukunda Deva.

Question 41.
By which law of the East India Company the Santals were debarred to collect jungle products?
(a) Charter law of 1713
(b) Charter law of 1733
(c) Jungle Law
(d) Land settlement law
Answer:
(c) Jungle Law

Question 42.
In which area of the Sahibganj districts the English traders got permission for trade?
(a) Rajmahal
(b) Buzar
(c) Plassey
(d) Wadh
Answer:
(a) Rajmahal

Question 43.
Leader of Santala revolt Siddhu Murmu belongs to which village?
(a) Rajrnahal
(b) Santaladiha
(c) Bhagnadiha
(d) Pabnagrama
Answer:
(c) Bhagnadiha

Question 44.
After how many years Sepoy mutiny of 1857 took place?
(a) Hundred years
(b) One hundred fifty years
(c) Fifty years
(d) Two hundred years
Answer:
(a) Hundred years

Question 45.
Who was the Governor-general of India at the time of the 1857 Sepoy mutiny?
(a) Lord Wellesley
(b) Lord Dalhousie
(c) Lord William Bentick
(d) Lord Canning
Ans.
(d) Lord Canning

Question 46.
Which Governor-general adopted the “Doctrine of Lapse” policy in order to assimilate local states into the English empire?
(a) Lord Wellesley
(b) Lord William Bentick
(c) Lord Dalhousie
(d) Lord Canning
Answer:
(c) Lord Daihousie

Question 47.
Who was the Mughal Emperor by name at the time of Sepoy’s mutiny?
(a) Bahadur Saha I
(b) Bahadur Saha II
(c) Saha Alam U
(d) Farook Sayar
Answer:
(b) Bahadur Saha II

Question 48.
Which policy of Dalhousie made revenge to the local emperors against the British administration?
(a) Doctrine of Lapse
(b) Subsidiary Alliance
(c) Permanent Settlement
(d) Military Law
Answer:
(a) Doctrine of Lapse

Question 49.
Which policy of Lord Wellesley made the Indian emperor’s revolt oriented?
(a) Doctrine of Lapse
(b) Subsidiary Alliance
(c) Permanent Settlement
(d) Mahalwari system
Answer:
(b) Subsidiary Alliance

Question 50.
Which Governor general ousted the “Sad system” from India?
(a) Lord Dalhousie
(b) Lord Ripon
(e) Lord William Bentick
(d) Lord Canning
Answer:
(e) Lord William Bentick

Question 51.
At the time of which Governor-general widow remarriage act was introduced in India?
(a) Lord Canning
(b) Lord William Bentick
(e) Lord Curzon
(d) Lord Dalhousie
Answer:
(d) Lord Dalhousie

Question 52.
In which Governor-general time the conyentçI Chjjstians got the property right according to law?
(a) Lord William Bentick
(b) Lord Dalhousie
(c) Lord Weilselley
(d) Lord Canning
Answer:
(b) Lord Dathousie

Question 53.
For which incident the course of the Sepoy mutiny sparked off immediately?
(a) Widow’s remarriage
(b) Oust of “Sati” system
(e) Prevailing of Enfield rifle
(d) Prevalence of English language
Answer:
(c) Prevailing of Enfield rifle

Question 54.
When Lord William Bentick prevailed in English education in India?
(a) 1854 A.D.
(b) 1855 A.D.
(e) 1834 A.D.
(d) 1835 A.D.
Answer:
(d) 1835 A.D.

Question 55.
Who propounded the concept of the “Drain of wealth”?
(a) Dadabhai Naroji
(b) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
(c) Gopal Krushna Gokhale
(d) Surendranath Baneijee
Answer:
(a) Dadabhai Naroji

Question 56.
Who was the first martyr of the Sepoy mutiny?
(a) Mangal Pandey
(b) Laxmi Bai
(c) Nana Saheb
(d) Tantia Tope
Answer:
(a) Mangal Pandey

Question 57.
By the beginning of 1857 was the first sign of revolt begun among the sepoys?
(a) Kanpur
(b) Barakpur
(c) Jhansi
(d) Lucknow
Answer:
(b) Barakpur

Question 58.
In May 10 of 1857 where the manifested system of revolt begun?
(a) Meerut
(b) Kanpur
(c) Gwalior
(d) Jhansi
Answer:
(a) Meerut

Question 59.
The revells captured the Mughal palace and to whom they declared as the emperor of India.
(a) Bahadur Saha I
(b) Bahadur Saha II
(c) SahaAlamll
(d) Kanwar Singh V
Answer:
(b) Bahadur Saha II

Question 60.
In Bihar, the Revolt of 1857 was laid by which of the following rebels?
(a) Tantia Tope
(b) Kanwar Singh
(c) Nana Saheb
(d) Rani Laxmibai
Answer:
(b) Kanwar Singh

Question 61.
Who provided the immediate spark to the Revolt of 1857?
(a) Mangal Pandey
(b) Rani Laxmibai
(c) Surendra Sai
(d) Tantia Tope
Answer:
(a) Mangal Pandey

Question 62.
When does the spark begin by Mangal Pandey in the Revolt?
(a) 1857 February 27
(b) 1857 March 29
(c) 1857 May 11
(d) 1857 September 21
Answer:
(b) 1857 March 29

Question 63.
Which rebeller was in charge of the Kanpur center?
(a) Kanwar Singh
(b) Tantia Tope
(c) Nana Saheb
(d) Laxman Singh
Answer:
(c) Nana Saheb

Question 64.
The rebellons declared whom as the “Peshwa of war”?
(a) Nana Saheb
(b) Mangal Pandey
(c) Kanwar Singh
(d) Tantia Tope
Answer:
(a) Nana Saheb

Question 65.
At Gwalior which veteran took charge of the leadership of twenty thousand rebellions?
(a) Nana Saheb
(b) Tantia Tope
(c) Kanwar Sing
(d) Bira Surendra Sai
Answer:
(b) Tantia Tope

Question 66.
Which English commander protected Tantia Tope but adorned defeat?
(a) Nikolson
(b) Campbell
(c) Windham
(d) Hyavlec
Answer:
(c) Windham

Question 67.
At the time of revolt when the failure of Delhi occurred which able administrator was the governor of Punjab?
(a) Lord Elphinstone
(b) Sir Kolin Campbell
(c) Sir John Lawrence
(d) Sir Outram
Answer:
(c) Sir John Lawrence

Question 68.
At the time of revolt acceleration which clever governor made calm to the Bombay Presidency?
(a) Lond Elphinstone
(b) Lord Outram
(c) Sir Colin Campbell
(d) Sir John Lawrence
Answer:
(a) Lord Elphinstone

Question 69.
Which brave English commander came from Punjab to Delhi and blew up the famous Kashmir Tower of Delhi?
(a) Campbell
(b) Hyavolec
(c) Nicholson
(d) Lawrence
Answer:
(c) Nicholson

Question 70.
Which English commander shot dead two sons and a grandson of Bahadur Sahan?
(a) Hudson
(b) Nicholson
(c) Campbell
(d) Hyavlee
Answer:
(a) Hudson

Question 71.
Who was in charge of the sepoy mutiny at Jhansi?
(a) Surendra Sai
(b) Nana Saheb
(c) Rani Laxmibai
(d) Kanwar Singh
Answer:
(c) Rani Laxmibai

Question 72.
Which English historian has given comments regarding the murder of the son and grandson of Bahadur Saha II “A more brutal or a more unnecessary outrage was never committed? It was a blunder as well as a crime”?
(a) Malleson
(b) David Hannay
(c) William Fraser
(d) John Bigland
Answer:
(a) Malleson

Question 73.
When is Rani Laxmibai dead on the battlefield while fighting on horseback in the dress of a man?
(a) March 29, 1857
(b) May 10, 1857
(c) June 17, 1858
(d) November 1, 1858
Answer:
(c) June 17, 1858

Question 74.
Mostly in all the restrained areas of India revolt dominated in spite of Sambalpur of Odisha. For how many more years it continued?
(a) 2 years
(b) 3 years
(c) 4 years
(d) 5 years
Answer:
(c) 4 years

Question 75.
Who was the leader of the Odisha Sepoy mutiny?
(a) Jagabandhu Singh
(b) Gopabandhu Das
(c) Nilakantha Das
(d) Bira Surendra Sai
Answer:
(d) Bira Surendra Sai

Question 76.
Which English commander has given an opinion about Rani Laxmibai that “She is the most vigilant and brave military except among the leaders of revolt”?
(a) Sir hiue Rose
(b) Sir Hiue Gao
(c) Nicholson
(d) Campbell
Answer:
(b) Sir Hiue Gao

Question 77.
When the Indian Administration Act was passed In England Parliament?
(a) 1857 A.D.
(b) 1858 A.D.
(ç) 1859 A.D.
(d) 1860 AD.
Answer:
(d) 1858 A.D.

Question 78.
When did East India company’s administration ended in India?
(a) 1854 A.D.
(b) 1856 A.D.
(c) 1857 A.D.
(d) 1858 AD.
Answer:
(d) 1858 A.D.

Question 79.
After imprisonment Bahadur Saha All, leader of the Revolt of 1857 was deported to?
(a) Rangoon
(b) Nepal
(c) Siberia
(d) Kashmir
Answer:
(a) Rangoon

Question 80.
In November 1, 1858, who read out the proclamation of Queen Victoria at the arranged Durban of Allahabad?
(a) Lord Minto
(b) Lord Canning
(c) Lord Dalhousie
(d) Lord Wellesley
Answer:
(b) Lord Canning

Question 81.
Who was the first viceroy of India?
(a) Lord William Bentick
(b) Lord Dalhousie
(c) Lord Cornwallis
(d) Lord Canning
Answer:
(d) Lord Canning

Question 82.
When the Indian police Act proclaimed?
(a) 1855 A.D.
(b) 1861 A.D.
(e) 1862 A.D.
(d) 1864 A.D.
Answer:
(b) 1861 A.D.

Question 83.
When Mohan Das Karamchand Gandhi, (Mahatma Gandhi) was born at Porbandar of Gujurat?
(a) 3 December 1884
(b) 5 September 1888
(c) 2 October 1869
(d) 14 November 1889
Answer:
(e) 2 October 1869

Question 84.
Name of the parents of Mahatma Gandhi?
(a) Moulai & Swaruprani
(b) Mahadev and Kamaiesvar Dcvi
(c) Bhiraswami and Sua Maa
(d) Karamchaxd Gandhi àñd Putuli Bai
Answer:
(d) Karamchand Gandhi and Putuli Bai

Question 85.
In which age did Mahatma Gandhi married?
(a) 13
(b) 18
(c) 24
(d) 30
Answer:
(a) 13

Question 86.
Name of the wife of Mahatma Gandhi?
(a) Kamala
(b) Yasodhara
(c) Git.a
(d) Kasturbai
Answer:
(d) Kasturbai

Question 87.
When Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi went to London to study Law?
(a) 1886 A.D.
(b) 1888 A.D.
(c) 1901 A.D.
(d) 1919 A.Ð.
Answer:
(b) 1888 A.D.

Question 88.
Which English writer’s Bhagbat Gita translated text deeply Influenced and enlightened Mohandas?
(a) Edwin Arnold
(b) Virginia Wolf
(c) T.S. Eliot
(d) Wales Stevens
Answer:
(a) Edwin Arnold

Question 89.
When Mahatma Gandhi proceeded to South Africa?
(a) 1892 A.D.
(b) 1893 A.D.
(c) 1902 A.D.
(d) 1918 A.D.
Answer:
(b) 1893 A.D.

Question 90.
For the first time in his life where Mahatma Gandhi delivered his political speech.
(a) England
(b) India
(c) South Africa
(d) Australia
Answer:
(c) South Africa

Question 91.
For the first time who described Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi as ‘Mahatma’?
(a) Motilal Nehru
(b) Edwin Arnold
(c) Abdul Gafar Khan
(d) Rabindranath Tagore
Answer:
(d) Rabindranath Tagore

Question 92.
When Indian National Congress got its birth?
(a) 1880 A.D.
(b) 1882 A.D.
(c) 1883 A.D.
(d) 1885 A.D.
Answer:
(d) 1885 A.D.

Question 93.
At Amritsar city or Punjab when the heinous Jallianawala Bagh pathetic and magic massacre occurred?
(a) April 6, 1919 A.D.
(b) April 13, 1919 A.D.
(c) August 20, 1917 A.D.
(d) December 23, 1920 A.D.
Answer:
(a) April 13, 1919 A.D.

Question 94.
When was Montegue Chemsford resort passed by England Parliament and envisaged as the “Indian Administration Act”?
(a) 1917 A.D.
(b) 1919 A.D.
(c) 1920 A.D.
(d) 1921 A.D.
Answer:
(b) 1919 A.D.

Question 95.
When did the Non-cooperation Movement begin with the inspiration of Mahatma Gandhi?
(a) 1919 A.D.
(b) 1920 A.D.
(c) 1921 A.D.
(d) 1922 A.D.
Answer:
(b) 1920 A.D.

Question 96.
At the time of the Non-Co-operation Movement which Muslim agitation was heartily supported by Mahatma Gandhi?
(a) Khilafat Movement
(b) Kidwai Movement
(c) Muslim agitation of Gujurat
(d) Muslim agitation at Bombay
Answer:
(a) Khilafat Movement

Question 97.
In which session of the Indian National Congress Non-Co-operation proposal was accepted against the English government?
(a) Calcutta Session
(b) Nagpur Session
(c) Lahore Session
(d) Bombay Session
Answer:
(b) Nagpur Session

Question 98.
How many representatives of Odisha joined to Nagpur Congress session in December 1920?
(a) 15
(b) 25
(c) 35
(d) 50
Answer:
(c) 35

Question 99.
Name of the President of the newly formed “Odisha State Congress Committee”?
(a) Gopabandhu Das
(b) Bhagirathi Mohapatra
(c) Jadumani Manga Raj
(d) Mukunda Prasad
Answer:
(a) Gopabandhu Das

Question 100.
When Mahatma Gandhi came in Odisha?
(a) December 1920
(b) March 1921
(c) November 1921
(d) February 192
Answer:
(b) March 1921

Question 101.
By December 1921 where Congress Session took place?
(a) Gwalior
(b) Kolkata
(c) Pune
(d) Ahmedabad
Answer:
(d) Ahmedabad

Question 102.
For what purpose Mahatma Gandhi cried a halt to the Non-Co-operation movement?
(a) Request of the English government
(b) Chaurichaura incident
(c) Breakage of Khilafat Movement
(d) Non-Co-operation of people
Answer:
(b) Chaurichaura incident

Question 103.
For the circulation of the Non-Cooperation Movement who published “Weekly Samaj” in Odisha?
(a) Acharya Harihar .
(b) Godabarisha Mishra
(c) Gopabandhu Das
(d) Harekrushna Mahatab
Answer:
(c) Gopabandhu Das

Question 104.
When was Satyabadi Vanavidyalaya converted to National School?
(a) 1919
(b) 1920
(c) 1021
(d) 1922
Answer:
(c) 1921

Question 105.
Who organized the Non-Cooperation movement in Odisha?
(a) Gopabandhu Das
(b) Gopabandhu Chaudhury
(c) Harekrushna Mahatab
(d) Bhagirathi Mohapatra
Answer:
(a) Gopabandhu Das

Question 106.
Where “Swaraj Ashram” was established in order to impart education and give shelter to the workers involved in the Non-cooperation movement?
(a) Jagatsinghpur
(b) Sakhigopal
(c) Cuttack
(d) Baleswar
Answer:
(c) Cuttack

Question 107.
Where “Swaraj Temple” was built at the time of the Non-cooperation movement?
(a) Baleswar
(b) Bhadrak
(c) Puri
(d) Cuttack
Ans.
(a) Baleswar

Question 108.
Who established ‘Satyabadi Vana Vidyalaya’ at Sakhigopal?
(a) Karunakar Panigrahi
(b) Madhusudan Das
(c) Gopabandhu Das
(d) Harekrushna Mahatab
Answer:
(c) Gopabandhu Das

Question 109.
When Simon Commission entered India?
(a) 1922 A.D.
(b) 1926 A.D.
(c) 1927 A.D.
(d) 1928 A.D.
Answer:
(d) 1928 A.D.

Question 110.
Who presided over in the Lahore session of the Indian National Congress?
(a) Motilal Nehru
(b) Mahatma Gandhi
(c) Jawaharlal Nehru
(d) Mohammad Ali Jinnah
Answer:
(c) Jawaharlal Nehru

Question 111.
In which session of the Indian National Congress “Puma Swaraj” proposal was accepted?
(a) Lahore Session
(b) Nagpur Session
(e) Kolkata Session
(d) Ahmedabad Session
Answer:
(a) Labore Session

Question 112.
When was Gopabandhu Das demised?
(a) 1921 A.D.
(b) 1928 A.D.
(c) 1929 AD.
(d) 1930 A.D.
Answer:
(b) 1928 A.D.

Question 113.
January 20, 1930, was performed on which day?
(a) Day of Law Disobedience
(b) Non-Cooperation day
(c) Puma Swaraj Day
(d) Black Day
Answer:
(è) Puma Swaraj Day

Question 114.
When did Civil Disobedience begin?
(a) l2March 1930
(b) l2March 1929
(c) 12 March 1931
(d) 12 March 1928
Answer:
(a) 12 March 1930

Question 115.
What is told about the historic march from Sabarmati Ashram towards the sea beach at Dandi?
(a) Sabarmati Journey
(b) Dandi March
(e) Non-VioLence March
(d) Go back to English in March
Answer:
(b) Dandi March

Question 116.
Who was the Governor-general of India at the time of the Civil Disobedience movement?
(a) Lord Irwin
(b) Lord Linlithgo
(c) Lord Minto
(d) Lord Merle
Answer:
(a) Lord Irwin

Question 117.
Who was the congress president of Odisha at the time of the Civil Disobedience Movement?
(a) Gopabandhu Das
(b) Acharya Harihar Das
(c) Smt. Raina Dcvi
(d) Harekrushna Mahatab
Ans.
(d) Harcknishna Mahatab

Question 118.
Which place of Odisha is regarded as the second Dandi?
(a) Huma
(b) Kujanga
(c) Astaranga
(d) Inchudi
Answer:
(d) Inchudi

Question 119.
When Gandi-Irwin pact was signed?
(a) 27 February 1930
(b) 27 February 1929
(c) 27 February 1931
(d) 27 February 1932
Answer:
(e) 27 February 1931

Question 120.
In the second round table conference as England In 1931 who was the only Indian representative to attend it?
(a) Jawaharlal Nehru
(b) Abdul Gafar Khan
(c) Gopalkrushna Gokhle
(d) Mahatma Gandhi
Answer:
(d) Mahatma Gandhi

Question 121.
Gandhi on a serious disappointment at the Round Table Conference and on the way to India met the famous thinker Roma Rolla of which country?
(a) Russia
(b) Japan
(c) Italy
(d) France
Answer:
(d) France

Question 122.
On the way to India from England Gandhi also met the dictator Mussolini of which country?
(a) Italy
(b) France
(c) Greece
(d) Russia
Answer:
(a) Italy

Question 123.
The Depressed caste policy of the English disappointed Mahatma Gandhi so that he was engaged in fasting till death at the jail when?
(a) 12 March 1930
(b) 27 February 1931
(c) 15 March 1932
(d) 20 September 1932
Answer:
(d) 20 September 1932

Question 124.
Who among the following formed the Depressed Class Association?
(a) B. R. Ambedkar
(b) Mahatma Gandhi
(c) C. R. Das
(d) Jawaharlal Nehru
Answer:
(a) B. R. Ambedkar

Question 125.
After deep consultation, Gandhi and B. R. Ambedkar signed in which pact on 24 September 1932?
(a) Depressed Pact
(b) Independence Pact
(c) Poona Pact
(d) Upliftment Pact
Answer:
(c) Poona Pact

Question 126.
By the approval of England Parliament in which year the Indian Administration Act formulated?
(a) 1932 A.D.
(b) 1933 A.D.
(c) 1934 A.D.
(d) 1935 A.D.
Answer:
(d) 1935 A.D.

Question 127.
According to the Indian Administration Act of 1935 in which year common election was held?
(a) 1935 A.D.
(b) 1936 A.D.
(C) 1937 A.D.
(d) 1938 A.D.
Answer:
(c) 1937 A.D.

Question 128.
In the first constituted Congress ministry at Odisha which Independence worker took the charge of Prime Minister?
(a) Harekrushna Mahatab
(b) Malati Choudhury
(c) Biswanath Das
(d) Jadumani Mangaraj
Answer:
(c) Biswanath Das

Question 129.
Who was the Governor-general of India at the time of the second world war?
(a) Lord Irwin
(b) Lord Marley
(c) Lord Canning
(d) Lord Linlithgo
Answer:
(d) Lord Linlithgo

Question 130.
By observing the depressed caste policy of the English government the congress ministry all over India when gave mass resignation.
(a) March 1, 1938
(b) October 1, 1938
(c) October 1, 1939
(d) January 26, 1940
Answer:
(c) October 1, 1939

Question 131.
When Mohammad Ali Jinnah left congress and became the president of the Muslim League?
(a) 1919A.D,
(b) 1920 A.D.
(c) 1922 A.D.
(d) 1925 A.D.
Answer:
(b) 1920A.D.

Question 132.
In which year Mohammad All Jlnnah surprised India by demanding Pakistan?
(a) 1935 A.D.
(b) 1940 A.D.
(c) 1945 A.D.
(d) 1946 A.D.
Answer:
(a) 1940 A.D.

Question 133.
Who Is popular as Frontier Gandhi?
(a) Soukat All
(b) Mohammad 11
(e) Khan Abdul Gafar Khan
(d) Abul Kalam Aiad
Answer:
(c) Khan Abdul Gafar Khan

Question 134.
When Crips Mission came on an India tour?
(a) 1940 A.D.
(b) 1941 AD.
(c) 1942 A.D.
(d) 1943 A.D.
Answer:
(b) 1941 A.D.

Question 135.
When Mahatma Gandhi indulged in the proposal of the “Quit India Movement”?
(a) August 7, 1941
(b) August 7, 1942
(c) August 7, 1943
(d) August 7, 1944
Answer:
(b) August 7, 1942

Question 136.
The Quit India Movement is known by which other name?
(a) February movement
(b) July movement
(c) August movement
(d) October movement
Answer:
(e) August movement

Question 137.
After the acceptance of the Quit India Movement which the congress led in Odisha was protected in Ahmed Nagar tower.
(a) Laxman Nayak
(b) Birsa Munda
(e) Harekrushna Mahatab
(d) Achaiya Harihar Das
Answer:
(ç) Harekrushna Mahatab

Question 138.
Which massacre at Odisha is regarded as the 2nd Jalianawala Bagh massacre?
(a) Bhandari Pokhari
(b) Inchudi
(c) Khajradtha
(d) Iram
Answer:
(d) Iram

Question 139.
When Laxman Nayak was hanged?
(a) 29 March 1943
(b) 22 March 1943
(e) 25 March 1943
(d) 27 March 1943
Answer:
(a) 29 March 1943

Question 140.
When second world war came to an end?
(a) 1943A.D.
(b) 1944 A.D
(c) 1945 A.D.
(d) 1946 A.Ð.
Answer:
(e) 1945 A.D.

Question 141.
Who was the Prime Minister of England after sçond World war?
(a) Clement Richard Atlee
(b) Winston Churchill
(e) Sir Staford Cripps
(d) Pethick Lawrence
Answer:
(a) Clement Richard Atlee

Question 142.
When Prime Minister Atlee sent a cabinet Mission to India?
(a) March 1945
(b) March 1946
(c) November 1946
(d) January 1947
Answer:
(b) March 1946

Question 143.
In which day Mohammad Ali Jinnah ordered the Indian Muslims to perform “Direct Action Day”?
(a) August 16,1945
(b) December 25, 1945
(c) August 16, 1946
(d) December 9, 1946
Answer:
(c) August 16, 1946

Question 144.
When did the constituent Assembly meet to form the Indian constitution?
(a) November 19, 1945
(b) July 16, 1946
(c) December 9, 1946
(d) February 8, 1947
Answer:
(c) December 9, 1946

Question 145.
Who took the charge of Governor-general of India in March 1947?
(a) Lord Waved
(b) Pethick Lawrence
(c) Lord Mountbatten
(d) A. V. Alexander
Answer:
(c) Lord Mountbatten

Fill In the Blanks.

Question 1.
According to __________ historian, it was believed that the people of all village communities of India had used all types of essential goods.
Answer:
Elphin stone

Question 2.
__________ system was prominent in village industry.
Answer:
Weaving

Question 3.
For __________ raw materials, India got a reputation all over the world.
Answer:
Cotton

Question 4.
In ancient India, the Muslim and elvet finer clothes were demanded by the kings and their families __________ of the country.
Answer:
Egypt

Question 5.
After victory over the pissy war the English people first captured and developed in __________ state of India.
Answer:
Bengal

Question 6.
In the world at first in __________ country machinery industrial revolution took place.
Answer:
England

Question 7.
In England in __________ A.D. flying shuttle was invented.
Answer:
1760

Question 8.
By seeing the precarious condition of weavers in India __________ Governer General opined that “In the business history such type of precarious condition is not seen.
Answer:
Lord William Bentinck

Question 9.
At England, the steam engine was invented in __________ AD.
Answer:
1768

Question 10.
At the time of the English administration, ¡n India __________ Governor General introduced permanent settlement.
Answer:
Lord Cornwallis

Question 11.
In 1780 Governer General __________ gave data that every year nearly gold of Forty lakh rupees was exported to England.
Answer:
Lord Warren Hastings

Question 12.
By the recommendation of __________ Lord Cornwallis Introduced permanent settlement in India.
Answer:
Sir John Shore

Question 13.
In __________ year Lord Cornwallis Introduced permanent settlement.
Answer:
1793

Question 14.
In India Railway system began at the time of Governor General __________.
Answer:
Lord Dalhousie

Question 15.
The First Railway Passenger system was Introduced In England in __________ A.D.
Answer:
1825

Question 16.
English personality __________ gave a proposal to the British government that an enormous economic development will rise in England if the railway system developed at India.
Answer:
Roland Macdonald Stephenson.

Question 17.
In __________ A.D. railway line construction began in India.
Answer:
1850

Question 18.
In __________ A.D. first railway system was inaugurated ¡n India so also In Asia.
Answer:
1853

Question 19.
The first Inaugurated railway connected from __________ to place __________.
Answer:
Bombay to Thane

Question 20.
In ______________ AD. Telegraph installed ¡n India.
Answer:
1852

Question 21.
Telegraph Introduction In India was guided by scientific __________ engineer.
Answer:
O.Sanessy

Question 22.
At the time of Daihousie’s departure from India, the Telegraph line covered mostly __________ thousand miles.
Answer:
4000

Question 23.
In 1840 __________ important personality invented the “Penny Postal System” In England.
Answer:
Sir Roland Hill

Question 24.
In __________ AD. Half-Anna postal system was introduced in India by England Parliament.
Answer:
1852

Question 25.
Governor General __________ prevailed postal system in India.
Answer:
Dalhousie

Question 26.
In __________ A.D. Dalhousie introduced the new postal system in India.
Answer:
1854

Question 27.
In Rayitwarl land revenue system __________ had given utmost importance.
Answer:
Cultivation

Question 28.
Mahaiwarl system was introduced in __________ A.D. in India.
Answer:
1833

Question 29.
In the administration of __________ Governor General Mahaiwarl, the system has prevailed in India.
Answer:
William Bentick

Question 30.
At first Mahalwarl system lntrduced in __________ and __________area of liidIa.
Answer:
Agra and Ayodhya

Question 31.
__________ was Involved In the Mahaiwari system.
Answer:
Holt Mevenji

Question 32.
In the Oudh district of Uttar Pradesh __________ type revenue prevailed.
Answer:
Talukdar

Question 33.
After permanent settlement Introduction of system __________ candiled the land allotment of some landlords.
Answer:
Sunset law

Question 34.
__________ Governor General Introduced fifth-year settlement with landlords.
Answer:
Lord Waren Hastings

Question 35.
__________ European country abandoned ¡mort duty on Indian clothes.
Answer:
Holland

Question 36.
For the development __________ cultivation the court of directors send to India the American experts.
Answer:
Cotton

Question 37.
In __________ war, Robert Clive defeated Nawab Shiraz-up-doula and Installed an English administration in India.
Answer:
Plassey

Question 38.
Bankim Chandra Chatterjee’s “Anand Math” nóvel published on __________ A.D.
Answer:
1882.

Question 39.
Bankim Chandra Chaterjee in his __________ book gave importance to the sanyasi revolt.
Answer:
Anand Math

Question 40.
__________ numbers sanyasi were slain by the English at Bengal and for it the revolt rigorously proclaimed.
Answer:
150

Question 41.
Buxar war fought in __________ A.D.
Answer:
1764

Question 42.
__________ introduced dual government in Bengal.
Answer:
Robert Clive

Question 43.
Dynamic Naya hermits were involved in __________ works at Bengal.
Answer:
Lending

Question 44.
Khurda revolt was known in another name as __________.
Answer:
Paika revolt

Question 45.
The king of Puri was __________ at the time of the khurda revolt.
Answer:
Mukunda Dev II

Question 46.
The full name of Buxi Jagabandhu was __________.
Answer:
Jagabandhu Bidyadhar Mohapatra Bhramarbar Ray

Question 47.
__________ were the heroic and adventurous class of men in Odisha.
Answer:
Paikas

Question 48.
Before coming of English to Odisha __________ was commander-in-chief of khurda
king.
Answer:
Buxi Jagabandhu

Question 49.
Paika Chiefs were reputed as __________.
Answer:
Khandayat

Question 50.
English government confiscated the property of Buxi Jagabandhu on __________.
Answer:
1813

Question 51.
Santa revolt constituted in __________ A.D.
Answer:
1855

Question 52.
On __________ law of East India Company, the Santals were prohibited to collect jungle products.
Answer:
Jungle Law

Question 53.
In __________ place of Sahibganj district, the English trader got facilities for trading purposes.
Answer:
Rajmahal

Question 54.
The leader of santala revolt Siddhu murmur belongs to __________village.
Answer:
Bhagnadiha

Question 55.
After the Plassey battle in exactly __________ many years, sepoy mutiny came into existence.
Answer:
100

Question 56.
__________was the Governor General at the time of the 1857 sepoy mutiny.
Answer:
Lord Canning

Question 57.
To annex the kingly states with the British empire Governor Dalhousie adopted __________ policy.
Answer:
Doctrine of lapse

Question 58.
At the time of sepoy, mutiny __________ was the nominal Mughal Samrat.
Answer:
Bahadur saha II

Question 59.
The doctrine of Lapse of __________ made the kingly state leaders as relentless foes to
British.
Answer:
Lord Dalhousie.

Question 60.
Previously the principle __________ of Lord Wellesley made the leaders foes to the British.
Answer:
Subsidiary Alliance

Question 61.
Governor General __________ displaced the sati system in India.
Answer:
William Bentick

Question 62.
At the time of Governor General __________, widow remarriage law came into existence.
Answer:
Lord Dalhousie

Question 63.
At the time of Governor General __________, the people accepted Christianity and got their property rights.
Answer:
Lord Dalhousie

Question 64.
According to __________ incident sparking atmosphere in the revolt of 1857 came to existence.
Answer:
Prevalence of Enfield rifle

Question 65.
In 1857 in the Bengal regiment of Barakpur __________brahmin sepoy shoot to English officer.
Answer:
Mangal Pandey

Question 66.
In __________ A.D. Lord William Bentick Promulgated the English language in India.
Answer:
1835.

Question 67.
__________Was the orator of “Drain of Wealth”.
Answer:
Dadabhai Naroji

Question 68.
In 1857 sepoy mutiny __________ was the first martyr.
Answer:
Mangal Pandey

Question 69.
By the order of General, Hearsay __________ was given a hanging sentence.
Answer:
Mangal Pandey

Question 70.
According to legend in __________ rifle, there was a coat of cow and pig fat.
Answer:
Enfield

Question 71.
On __________ A.D. English government introduced the Enfield rifle.
Answer:
1856

Question 72.
In the early part of 1857 at __________, the symptom of revolt was marked within the sepoys.
Answer:
Barakpore

Question 73.
On May 10, 1857, the sepoy force broke out in open revolt at __________.
Answer:
Meerut

Question 74.
By capturing the Mughal palace the rebels declined __________ as the Emperor of India.
Answer:
Bahadur Saha II

Question 75.
__________ warrior took charge of the course of the revolt at Bihar.
Answer:
Kanwar Singh

Question 76.
On __________day Mangal Pandey fired at Sergent Major at Barrackpore which led to the beginning of the revolt in 1857.
Answer:
March 29, 1857

Question 77.
Warrior __________gave direction to his forces from Kanpur in the revolt.
Answer:
Nana Sahab

Question 78.
__________was the adopted son of Pesva Bajirao II.
Answer:
Nana Saheb

Question 79.
The revolt-oriented sepoys declared __________ as the Pesva and followed his leadership.
Answer:
Nana Saheb

Question 80.
The taluqdars and peasants of Oudh took up arms to fight __________the warfare against the British enemy.
Answer:
Guerilla

Question 81.
At Gwalior, __________ warrior took the leadership of twenty thousand rebel sepoys.
Answer:
Tantia Tope

Question 82.
English commander __________ came to resist Tantia Tope but was defeated.
Answer:
General Windham

Question 83.
At the time of the sepoy, revolt __________ was the administrator of Punjab.
Answer:
Sir John Lawrence

Question 84.
In the accelerated time of sepoy revolt __________ skillful governor made quiet and calm to Bombay Presidency.
Answer:
Lord Elphinstone

Question 85.
__________ brave English commander came from Punjab to Delhi and demolished the famous Kashmir tower there.
Answer:
Nicholson

Question 86.
__________English commander shoot the two sons and one grandson of Bahadur Shah II.
Answer:
Hudson

Question 87.
At Jhansi, __________ took charge of the revolt of the 1857 mutiny.
Answer:
Queen Laxmibai

Question 88.
On __________ day at the time of war in male dress, Queen Laxmibai breathed her last.
Answer:
June 17, 1858

Question 89.
Mostly in allover aggravated areas of India, the revolt came to standstill still it continued into __________ year at Odisha.
Answer:
4

Question 90.
__________had taken leadership of Odisha sepoy mutiny.
Answer:
Bira Surendra

Question 91.
English commander __________ opened regarding Queen Laxmibai that “She was the eminent and most brave among the revolutionists of sepoy mutiny”.
Answer:
Sir Hiue Gao

Question 92.
On __________ year Govt, of India act was proclaimed at England Parliament.
Answer:
1858

Question 93.
From __________year A.D., the administration of East India company came to an end.
Answer:
1858

Question 94.
Mughal emperor Bahadur Saha II was sent to place __________ as punishment.
Answer:
Rangoon

Question 95.
In 1858, on November 1 at Allahabad __________ read the proclamation of Queen victoria.
Answer:
Lord Canning

Question 96.
From 1858 the Governor General was named __________.
Answer:
Vice-Roy

Question 97.
__________was the first viceroy of India.
Answer:
Lord Canning

Question 98.
Indian Police Act introduced on __________ A.D.
Answer:
1861

Question 99.
__________was prohibited among the sepoys for its use.
Answer:
Sectarian mark on the forehead

Question 100.
1857 revolt against the British was the first “Independence revolt” said it.
Answer:
Surendranath Sen

Question 101.
Mohan Das Karam Chand Gandhi (Mahatma Gandhi) was born on at __________ Porbandar of Gujurat.
Answer:
October 2, 1869

Question 102.
The name of the parents of Mahatma Gandhi was __________.
Answer:
Karam Chand Gandhi and Putuli Bai

Question 103.
Mahatma Gandhi’s marriage occurred on __________ age.
Answer:
13

Question 104.
The name of the wife of Mahatma Gandhi was __________.
Answer:
Kastur Bai

Question 105.
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi to study law on __________ A.D. went to England.
Answer:
1888

Question 106.
Mohandas was deeply impressed by reading the English version of Gita which was written by writer __________.
Answer:
Edwin Arnold

Question 107.
Mohandas on __________ A.D. went to South Africa.
Answer:
1893

Question 108.
Gandhi in his life first gave a political speech in __________ country.
Answer:
South Africa

Question 109.
__________described Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi as “Mahatma”.
Answer:
Rabindranath Tagore

Question 110.
Indian National Congress was born on __________ A.D.
Answer:
1885

Question 111.
At Amritsar of Punjab, the heriouis Jalianawalabag massacre took place on __________.
Answer:
April 13, 1919

Question 112.
Montague Chelmsford’s report being approved by British Parliament came to be known as Indian Administration law on __________A.D.
Answer:
1919

Question 113.
By the inspiration of Mahatma Gandhi on __________ A.D., the Non-corporation movement began.
Answer:
1920

Question 114.
At the time of the Non-cooperation movement, Mahatma Gandhi supported earnestly to __________ movement of the Muslims.
Answer:
Khilafat

Question 115.
In __________ congress conference, the non-cooperation proposal against the British was accepted.
Answer:
Nagpur

Question 116.
In 1920 Nagpur congress conference __________number representatives from Odisha attended.
Answer:
35

Question 117.
__________ was the first President of the newly constituted “Utkal State Congress Committee”.
Answer:
Gopabandhu Das

Question 118.
__________ took leadership of the non-cooperation movement in the Puri district.
Answer:
Krupasindhu Mishra

Question 119.
In the non-cooperation movement, Bhagirathi Mishra took leadership of the district of __________.
Answer:
Cuttack

Question 120.
Mahatma Gandhi on __________A.D. __________ month came to Odisha.
Answer:
1921 March

Question 121,
On 1921 December at __________congress conference was held.
Answer:
Ahamadabad

Question 122.
Mahatma Gandhi for __________ gave a halt to the non-cooperation movement.
Answer:
Chouri Choura incident

Question 123.
Chori Choura is situated in the district of __________.
Answer:
Gorakhpur

Question 124.
To circulate non-cooperation news at Odisha __________ edited “weekly Samaj”.
Answer:
Gopabandhu Das

Question 125.
“Satyabadi Vana Vidyalaya” was established on __________ leadership at Sakshigopal.
Answer:
Gopabandhu Das

Question 126.
On __________ A.D. “Satyabadi Vana Vidyalaya” converted to a national school.
Answer:
1921

Question 127
__________ personality constituted a non-cooperation movement in Odisha.
Answer:
Gopabandhu Das

Question 128.
To educate the Workers of the non-cooperation movement “Swaraj Ashram” was established at __________.
Answer:
Cuttack

Question 129.
At the time of the non-cooperation movement “Swaraj Temple” was established at __________.
Answer:
Baleswar

Question 130.
On __________ A.D. Simon Commission came to India.
Answer:
1928

Question 131.
On __________A.D. the Indian waged voice strongly as “Go back Simon”.
Answer:
1928

Question 132.
In the Lahore National Congress conference __________ Presided over the meeting.
Answer:
Jawaharlal Nehru

Question 133.
On __________congress conference “Poorna Swaraj” proposal was accepted.
Answer:
Lahore

Question 134.
The death of Gopabandhu Das occured on __________ A.D.
Answer:
1928

Question 135.
1930 January 26 was celebrated as __________day.
Answer:
“Poorna Swaraj Day”l Hassan

Question 136.
Civil Disobedience movement began on A.D. __________ month __________ day __________.
Answer:
1930, March 12

Question 137.
The long foot journey from Sabarmati Ashram to near ocean place Dandi was called __________.
Answer:
Dandi Yatra

Question 138.
__________was Governor General at the time of the civil disobedience movement in India.
Answer:
Lord Irwin

Question 139.
At the time of civil disobedience, movement __________ was the President of the Utkal Congress Committee.
Answer:
Harekrushna Mahatab

Question 140.
__________ place of Odisha regarded as second Dandi.
Answer:
Inchudi

Question 141.
Mahatma Gandhi began Dandi March on __________1 AID.
Answer:
1930 March 12

Question 142.
For the law breakage at Inchudi __________took the leadership.
Answer:
Acharya Harihar Das

Question 143.
Gandhi Irwin pact was signed on A.D. __________ month.
Answer:
1930 February 7

Question 144.
On the first round table conference, __________ was not invited.
Answer:
Mahatma Gandhi

Question 145.
On 1931 A.D. at the second round table conference __________was the only invited congress representative who took part in it.
Answer:
Mahatma Gandhi

Question 146.
With a departed mentality, Mahatma Gandhi on his return way met __________country’s eminent thinkable personality Roma Rola.
Answer:
France

Question 147,
On his return way from England, Mahatma Gandhi met to dictator Mussolini of __________ country.
Answer:
Italy

Question 148.
The untouchable policy of the British Government affected deeply to Mahatma Gandhi and for it he began death fasting on __________ month __________ A.D.
Answer:
20 September 19326

Question 149.
At the time of Gandhi’s fasting __________ was popular as the unique leader of untouchable clim in India.
Answer:
B.R.Ambedkar

Question 150.
By consultation of Gandhi with Ambedkar at last __________ pact was signed in between them on 1932, September 24.
Answer:
Poona

Question 151.
With the approval of the British Parliament, English Government proclaimed Indian administration law on __________ A.D.
Answer:
1935

Question 152.
According to the 1935 Indian administration law on __________A.D. the general election was held.
Answer:
1937

Question 153.
On the first congress ministry at Odisha __________an independence fighter took charge as the Prime Minister.
Answer:
Biswanath Das

Question 154.
__________was the Governor General of India at the time of the second world war.
Answer:
Lord Linlithgo

Question 155.
By realizing the dividend policy the congress ministry all over India Oil __________ day gave mats resignation.
Answer:
1939 October 1

Question 156.
Muhammad Ali Zinah on __________A.D. left congress and became the President of the Muslim League.
Answer:
1920

Question 157.
On __________A.D. Muhammad Ali Zinah gave the proposal for Pakistan.
Answer:
1940

Question 158.
__________was popular as “Frontier Gandhi”.
Answer:
Khan Abdul Gafar Khan

Question 159.
On __________A.D Cripps mission visited India.
Answer:
1941

Question 160.
On __________day Mahatma Gandhi brought the “Quit India” proposal.
Answer:
1942 August 7

Question 161.
The “Quit India” movement was known otherwise in __________name.
Answer:
August revolution

Question 162.
After quitting India’s proposal the congress leader of Odisha __________ with handcuff surrounded at Ahmadnagar fort.
Answer:
Harekrushna Mahatab

Question 163.
The massacre of __________place of Alisha is considered the second Jalianawalabag.
Answer:
Iram

Question 164.
On __________day Laxman Nayak was hanged.
Answer:
1943 March 29

Question 165.
Second world war ended on __________A.D.
Answer:
1945

Question 166.
After Second World War __________was the Prime Minister of England.
Answer:
Clement Richard Attee

Question 167.
Prime Minister Atlee send a cabinet mission to India on __________A.D.
Answer:
1946 march

Question 168.
Zinah ordered the Muslims of India to observe a “Direct working day” on __________day.
Answer:
1946 August 16

Question 169.
On __________ day framing of the Indian constitution constituent Assembly was installed.
Answer:
1946 December 9

Question 170.
On 1947 march __________ took the charge of Governor General of India.
Answer:
Mountbatten

Question 171.
__________leader popularly known as the “Iron man of India”.
Answer:
SardarBallavbhai Patel

Question 172.
__________took charge as the first Governor General of Pakistan.
Answer:
Muhammad Ali Zinnah

Question 173.
Constituent Assembly gave appointment to __________as the first Governor General of India.
Answer:
Lord Mountbatten

Question 174.
Sardar Ballavbhai Patel is considered with __________ of Germany.
Answer:
Bismark

Question 175.
Jawaharlal Nehru born at Allahabad on __________A.D.
Answer:
1889

Question 176.
“Discovery of India” was written by __________.
Answer:
Jawaharlal Nehru

Question 177.
Muslims got quiet on the “Quit India Movement” on the order of __________.
Answer:
Muhammad Ah Zinnah

Question 178.
Congress was the “Organisation of some people” __________said it.
Answer:
Dufllin

Question 179.
Mahatma Gandhi at first selected __________country as his working field.
Answer:
South Africa

Question 180.
The first Prime Minister of Independent India was __________.
Answer:
Jawaharlal Nehru

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Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 12 History Solutions Unit 4 British Economic Policies in India (1757-1857 A.D.) Short Answer Questions.

CHSE Odisha 12th Class History Unit 4 British Economic Policies in India (1757-1857 A.D.) Short Answer Questions

Very Short-Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
From the remote past, the Indian villages are seen as which type of unit and which unit was strong in every village?
Answer:
From the remote past, the Indian villages are seen as small republics. The Economic organization was strong in every village.

Question 2.
Regarding village economy which view was given by English Historian Eiphiiie stone?
Answer:
According to the view of Elphine stone “The village clans were more or less capable of using all necessary things within their small Republics”.

Question 3.
What was the Chief necessity of villagers and what was their Chief Occupation?
Answer:
The chief necessity of villagers was food and cloth. Their Chief occupation was cultivation and knitting.

Question 4.
Before the British era crores of people in India were dependent upon which cottage industry?
Answer:
Before the British era crores of people in India were dependent upon the knitting cottage industry.

Question 5.
In the remote past, Muslim and velvet dresses were widely demanded by which country’s eminent people?
Answer:
In the remote past, Muslim and velveteen dresses were widely demanded by the royal, family of Egypt and eminent people of Rome.

Question 6.
When and where flying shuttle and steam Engine was invented?
Answer:
In 1760 Flying shuffles and in 1768 steam Engines were invented in England.

Question 7.
In 1780 which Governor-general has given the calculation that in every year near about how many amount’s gold was supplied to England.
Answer:
In 1780 Governor-general warren Hastings has given calculation that every year about 40 lakh amounts of gold were supplied to England.

Question 8.
Which English personality was aware of the Govt, that the construction of the railway in India would lead to the economic prosperity of Great Britain? At the time which Governor-general railway construction began in India?
Answer:
English personality Sir Row land Macdonald Stephenson was aware of the Govt, that the construction of the railway in India would lead to the economic prosperity of Great Britain. At the time of Governor-general Lord Dalhousie, railway construction began in India.

Question 9.
When the first railway in the world was opened and when the railway construction began in India?
Answer:
The first railway was opened in England in 1825. The railway construction began in India in 1850 A.D.

Question 10.
When was the first railway introduced in India and it connected from which place to which place?
Answer:
the first railway was introduced in India in 1853 A.D. It was the first railway track in Asia. It was connected from Bombay to Thane.

Question 11.
Which scientist Engineer took charge of the telegraph in India and by which A.D. the experimental telegraph lines were established?
Answer:
The scientist Engineer O’Shaughnessy took charge of the telegraph of India. By 1852 the experimental telegraph lines were established.

Question 12.
By which A.D. which gifted man of England introduced penny postage?
Answer:
By 1840 A.D. a gifted man named Rowland Hill introduced in England the system of penny postage.

Question 13.
On which A.D. India got permission to introduce the postal system at which cost?
Answer:
In 1852 A.D. India got permission to introduce the postal system at the cost of half-anna.

Question 14.
When Cornwallis introduced permanent settlement in India and which English administrator helped him?
Answer:
In 1793 A.D. Cornwallis introduced permanent settlement in India. In this work, the English administrator Sir John Shore helped him.

Question 15.
Which A.D. personnel introduced the Rayatwari system in the Baramahal district on an experimental basis?
Answer:
In 1792 A.D. English personnel Thomas Munro and captain Reed introduced the Rayatwari system at the Baramahal district on an experimental basis.

Question 16.
At the time of which Governor general and in which A.D. Mahalwari System was introduced in India?
Answer:
At the time of Governor-general William Bentick in 1833 A.D., the Mahalwari system was introduced in India.

Question 17.
What was defined regarding the “Drain of wealth” by Dadabhal Naroji?
Answer:
The drain of wealth means a part of India’s national wealth was being exported to England for which India got no adequate economic or material returns.

Question 18.
Regarding the sanyasi revolt which the famous novelist elaborately described and what was the name of his book?
Answer:
Regarding the sanyasi revolt, the famous novelist Bankim Chandra Chatterjee has elaborately described in his novel. The name of his book is “Anand Math’’.

Question 19.
When paik Revolt was constituted and who was the chief architect of this revolt?
Answer:
The paik Revolt was constituted in 1817. The Chief Architect of this revolt was Buxi Jagabandhu.

Question 20.
Who was the king of Khurda at the time of the Khuda revolt and when the British captured khurda and took administration?
Answer:
Mukunda Dev II was the king of Khurda at the time of the Khurda Revolt. The British captured khurda and took administration in 1805 A.D.

Question 21.
Who was the magistrate of Cuttack at the time of the Khurda Revolt and after the Revolt who inquired regarding it?
Answer:
Impe was the magistrate of Cuttack at the time of the Khurda Revolt. After the Revolt magistrate water inquired about the cause of the Revolt.

Question 22.
When death occurred to Mukunda Dev II and after his death which son of him got permission from the English to settle at puri palace?
Answer:
In 1817 A.D. Mukunda Deva II was dead. After his death his son, Rama Chandra Dev II got permission from the English to settle in Puir Palace.

Question 23.
The zamindar or Land Lords of Bengal levied more taxes on the Santhals according to which policy and in which portion of the product they had to give as taxes?
Answer:
The zamindar on landlords of Bengal levied more taxes on the Santhalas according to the policy of permanent settlement. They had to give two third of the product as tax.

Question 24.
Who was the leader of the Santhal Revolt what belonged to which ‘village and what was the name of their revolting force?
Answer:
The leader of the Santhal Revolt was siddhu Murmu belonged to the village of Bhagradiha, He constituted a new “Guerilla Force”.

Question 25.
After how many years of the Plassey war which eminent revolt has broken in 1857 AD.
Answer:
After exactly on 100 years after the Plassey war, eminent revolt simply muting was broke in 1857 A.D.

Question 26.
After an eventful reign when Governor-general Dalhousie left India and in nis place who came?
Answer:
After an eventful reign, Governor-general Dalhouse left India on 1856 A.D. In his place, Lord canning came as Governor-general.

Question 27.
Which policy of Dalhousie created terror among the homely kings and which sons of the kings lost their kingdom?
Answer:
The policy “Doctrine of Lapse” created terror among homely kings. The adopted sons of kings lost their kingdoms.

Question 28.
Previously when Hindus were initiated to Christianity, they were debarred of getting hereditary health but in which Governor-general’s time it was reformed by law?
Answer:
Previously when Hindus were initiated to Christianity, they were debarred of getting hereditary wealth but at the time of Governor-general Dalhousie, it was preferred by law.

Question 29.
By the prevailing of which rifle revolt spanking emancipated within the sepoys and which numour continued against this?
Answer:
By the prevailing of Enfield rifle revolt spanking emancipated the sepoys. A rumor continued that in that rifle cow and pig fats assembled.

Question 30.
Where the first symptom of revolt was marked by sepoys early in 1857 and on which date did the open revolt of the sepoys force breaks out at Meerut?
Answer:
The first symptom of the revolt was marked at Barrackpore in Bengal early in 1857. On 10th May 1857, the open revolt of the sepoy force broke out at Meerut.

Question 31.
The rebels quickly captured which palace at Delhi and they proclaimed whom as the Emperor in India?
Answer:
The rebels quickly captured the Mughal palace at Delhi. They proclaimed the old Bahadur Saha II of the Mughal dynasty as the Emperor of India.

Question 32.
In sepoy muting which Rajput warrior directed the course of revolt in Bihar and which warrior gave direction his forces from Kanpur?
Answer:
In sepoy muting, the Rajput warrior Kunwar Singh directed the course of revolt in Bihar. Nana Saheb gave direction to his force from Kanpur.

Question 33.
The sepoys and the revolted people declared who as their Peshawar and followed his leadership how many English soldiers at Kanpur fought for somedays & lastly surrendered?
Answer:
The sepoys and the revolted people declared Natta Sahid as their Peshawar and followed his leadership. There were 400 English soldiers at Kanpur who fought for some days and lastly surrendered.

Question 34.
Which famous Maratha Brahmin where took the leadership of twenty thousand noble sepoys?
Answer:
The famous Maratha Brahmin Tantia Tope at liwalior took the leadership of twenty thousand rebel sepoys.

Question 35.
For which cause Rani Laxmi Bai became the agitator in sepoy mating?
Answer:
After the death of the husband of Rani Laxmi Bai, no permission was given to enthrone her adopted son of her. To agitate this Rani Laxmi Bai entangled herself in mutiny.

Question 36.
Which British General resisted Tantia Tope and was defeated and at last the forces of Tantia Tope joined with which forces?
Answer:
British General Windham resisted Tantia Tope and was defeated. At last, the forces of Tantia Tope joined with the forces of Rani Laxmi Bai.

Question 37.
At the time of the fall of Delhi which able administrators were in charge of Punjab and Bombay’s presidency and made their areas calm and quiet?
Answer:
At the time of the fall of Delhi the able administrator of Punjab was John Lawrence and in Bombay’s presidency was lord Elphinstone. They were capable to make their area calm and quiet.

Question 38.
Which India nucers helped the British in the Revolt of 1857?
Answer:
The Indian leaders who helped the British in the Revolt of 1857 were the Nizam of Hyderabad, the Begum of Bhopal, the kind of Nepal, and the Maratha leader Sindhia.

Question 39.
Which English General proceeded from Punjab to Delhi and blew up which famous Gate of Delhi?
Answer:
The English General Nicholson, a brave soldier proceeded from Punjab to Delhi and blew up the famous Kashmir Gate of Delhi.

Question 40.
Lastly, the English took which Emperor as a prisoner, and his two sons and a grandson were shot dead by which English General?
Answer:
Lastly, the English took Emperor Bahadur Shah II as a prisoner. His two sons and a graton were shot dead by English General Hudson.

Question 41.
The furious wars of which two rebels worried the British Generals greatly.
Answer:
The furious wars of two rebels i.e. Rani Laxmi Bai and Tantia Tope worried the British Generals Greatly.

Question 42.
When and in which battlefield did Rani Laxmi Bai become dead?
Answer:
In 17th June 1858 in the battlefield of Kalapitha at the time of war became dead.

Question 43.
In sepoy mutiny which warrior after some defeats was caught and hanged and what happened to Nana Saheb?
Answer:
In sepoy mutiny, the warrior Tantia Tope after some defeats was caught and hanged. Nana Saheb was defeated and fled away dense forests of Nepal and erased death.

Question 44.
At Orissa in which region the revolt continued for the next four years and which warrior took the leadership of this movement?
Answer:
At Orissa in the Sambalpur region, the revolt continued for the next four years. In this movement warrior, Bira Surendra Sai took the leadership.

Question 45.
In the furious condition of the revolt who was the only Englishman who showed some kindness towards the people and for this in which name he was famous?
Answer:
In the various condition of the revolt, Governor-general Lord Canning was the only Englishman who showed some kindness towards the people. For this, he was famous for “Benign canning”.

Question 46.
After the 1857 Revolt, the Indian administration withdrew from whom and entrusted upon with authority?
Answer:
After the 1857 Revolt, the Indian administration withdrew from the East India Company. The administration was entrusted to the British crown.

Question 47.
After the 1857 revolt, the representative of the British monarch got which designation and who was the first representative in India?
Answer:
After the 1857 revolt, the representative of the British monarch got designation as a “viceroy”. Lord Canning was the first viceroy in India.

Question 48.
At where viceroy Lord Canning when arranged the grand Durbar and read out the proclamation?
Answer:
At Allahabad viceroy Lord canning on 1st November. 1858 arranged the grand Durbar and read out the proclamation.

Question 49.
When and where Mohan Das Karamchand Gandhi was born?
Answer:
Mohan das Karam Chand Gandhi was bom on 2nd October 1869 at Porbandar of Gujurat.

Question 50.
What was the name of the father of Mohandas and at where he secured the post of Dewan?
Answer:
Karamchand Gandhi was the name of the father of Mohandas. He sourced the post of Dewan at Porbandar.

Question 51.
Which author’s English translation of Geeta had a deep impact upon the mind of Mohandas and which great man’s life and message created a deep impression upon him?
Answer:
English author Edwin Arnold’s English translation of Geeta had a deep impact on the mind of Mohandas. Great men like Gautama Buddha’s life and Jesus Christ’s message created deep impressions upon his mind.

Question 52.
By whose request Gandhi went to South Africa and when he proceeded to South Africa?
Answer:
By a Muslim gentleman’s request, Gandhi went to South Africa. He proceeded to South Africa in 1853.

Question 53.
Where their public address of Gandhiji was the first in his life?
Answer:
The public address of Gandhiji at Pretoria in South Africa was the first in his life.

Question 54.
At South Africa, the English Government oppressed the Indians in which A.O. which law was declared?
Answer:
At South Africa the English Government oppressed the Indians in 1906 A.D. “Black Law” was declared.

Question 55.
At first which Indian enforced which title to Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi?
Answer:
At first Rabindra Nath Tagore enforced the title of “Mahatma” to Mohandas Karam Chand Gandhi.

Question 56.
The English Government appointed a committee under which justice and when?
Answer:
The English Government appointed a committee under justice Rowlatt on 1919 A.D.

Question 57.
Where and when the Jalliana-walating Massacre occurred?
Answer:
In the city of Amritsar of Punjab, Jallianawalabag Massacre occurred on the Hindu New years day i.e. 13th April 1919.

Question 58.
When Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms was declared and it came in which shape?
Answer:
On 1919 Montague Chelmsford Reforms was declared and it came in the shape of the Government of India Act 1919.

Question 59.
When by the inspiration of Mahatma Gandhi which movement declared?
Answer:
On September 1920 the inspiration of Mahatma Gandhi “Non-Co-operation, Movement”, was declared.

Question 60.
For which cause did the Indian – Muslims wage a Revolt against the British and this Revolt was famous as which Revolt?
Answer:
After the first world war, the victorious British Government prepared to punish Turkey’s Sultan. For this cause, the Indian Muslims wages a Revolt against the British and this Revolt was famous as the “Khilafat Movement”.

Question 61.
When and where at the session of congress the decision of the country vide non-cooperation movement was accepted? On that eventful session how many Odisha representatives joined?
Answer:
On 1920 last week of December at the Nagpur session of congress, the decision of the country-wide Non-cooperation movement was accepted. In that eventful session, 35 Odisha representatives joined.

Question 62.
In which session of congress “Utkal state congress committee” was formulated and who was the first president of this committee?
Answer:
In the Nagpur session of congress “Utkal state congress committee” was formulated. Gopabandhu Das was the first president of this committee.

Question 63.
When Mahatma Gandhi came to Odisha and what was the reason behind his coming to Odisha?
Answer:
Mahatma Gandhi came to Odisha in the last week of Mach 1921. One week staying at Odisha he urged his anticipation to all people of Odisha to involve in the Non-cooperation movement.

Question 64.
On which year Simon Commission entered in India and all over India which shout accelerated?
Answer:
In the year 1928 A.D. Simon commission entered in India. All over India the shouts “Simon, go back” accelerated.

Question 65.
On 1929 December 29 where an important session of congress was arranged and in that session who was the president?
Answer:
On 1929 December 29 at Lahore in Punjab, an important session of congress was arranged. In that historic session, Jawaharlal Nehru was the president.

Question 66.
At the last date of the Lahore session i.e. on 31st December 1929 who waged on an important proposal regarding which?
Answer:
At last date of the Lahore session i.e. on 31st December 1929, Mahatma Gandhi waged an important proposal of “ Pooma Swaraj” or complete independence.

Question 67.
At the beginning of the New year i.e. on 1930 A.D. January 26 was declared as which day? Who raised the National Flag?
Answer:
At the beginning of the New year i.e. on 1930 A.D. January 26 was declared as “Pooma Swaraj” on Independence Day. Congress president Jawaharlal Nehru raised the National Flag.

Question 68.
After how many years of the Non-cooperation movement which new movement began under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi?
Answer:
After 10 years of Non- cooperation movement civil disobedience movement began under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi.

Question 69.
On which year and on which date a long foot journey was held from Sabarmati Ashram to beach Dandi? What was the name of that historic journey?
Answer:
On 1930, March 12 a long foot journey was held from Sabarmati Ashram to Dandi. The name of that historic journey was “Dandi March”.

Question 70.
At which sea coast place of Baleswar District of Odisha the agitators broke civil law under whose leadership?
Answer:
At the sea coast place of Inchudi of Baleswar District of Odisha, the agitators broke civil law under Acharya Harihar Das’s leadership.

Question 71.
On which year the only representative of congress joined in the second Round Table conference?
Answer:
On 1931 the only representative of congress Mahatma Gandhi joined in the second Round Table Conference at London.

Question 72.
By disappointment, Mahatma Gandhi returned from London. On his way to India he met which French thinker and author and great dictator of Italy?
Answer:
By disappointment, Mahatma Gandhi returned from London. On his way to India, he met Roma Rolla, the famous French thinker, author, and great dictator of Italy Benito Mussolini.

Question 73.
After a judicial discussion in between Gandhi and Ambedkar which pact was signed? This pact was famous as which pact?
Answer:
After a judicial discussion in between Gandhiji and Ambedkar on 1932 September 24, a pact was signed. This pact was famous as the “Poona Pact”.

Question 74.
During the last part of 1932 at England once again a Round Table conference was held and that was which Round Table? In this conference a law was signed and what was that?
Answer:
During the last part of 1932 in England once again a Round Table Conference was held and that was Third Round Table Conference. In this conference, a law was signed as the 1935 India Administration Act.

Question 75.
Where and when at the Muslim league conference did Mohammad Ali Jinnah wage the proposal of Pakistan country?
Answer:
At Lahore in the Muslim League conference on 1940, Mohammad Ah Jinnah wages the proposal of Pakistan country.

Question 76.
After the acceptance of Mount Batten’s plan when the British Parliament recommended that plan and what was the name of that planning Law?
Answer:
After the acceptance of Mount Batten’s plan in 1947 July, the British Parliament recommended that plan. That plan came to be regarded as the “1947 Indian Independence Law”.

Question 77.
Regarding British sovereignty and the willingness of princely states what was written in “1947 India Independence Law”?
Answer:
In the “1947 India Independence Law” it was written that for all times to come England last its sovereignty of India. Regarding the princely state, it was noted that if. they want they can assemble with either to India or Pakistan or remain independent.

Question 78.
For the solution of princely state problems which leader’s bold step worked accurately? He was renowned as which name?
Answer:
For the solution of the princely state’s problems, Sardar Ballavbhai Patel’s bold steps worked accurately. He was renowned as the “Iron man of India”.

Question 79.
On August 7 Mohammad Ali Jinnah flew form Delhi to which place and he was coronated to which post?
Answer:
On August 7 Mohammad Ali Jinnah flew from Delhi to Lahore. After seven days he was coronated to Governor general of Pakistan.

Question 80.
Before independence, Mahatma Gandhi declared to whom as his political successor. After independence who got the portfolio of Prime Minister in the largest democracy of the world?
Answer:
Before independence, Mahatma Gandhi declared Jawaharlal Nehru as his political successor. After independence Jawaharlal Nehru got the portfolio of Prime Minister in the largest democracy of the world.

Question 81.
Which time is regarded as the “Gandhi Era” and in which important revolts was he involved?
Answer:
The time from 1920 A.D. to 1947 A.D. is regarded as the “ Gandhi Era”. By his leadership important revolts like the non-cooperation movement, Civil Disobedience Movement and Quit India Movement was organized.

Short-Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
The precondition of permanent settlement in India.
Answer:
Clive, the founder of the British Empire, could not give to Bengal a good land system. The revenue was collected from peasants through oppressive agents. Warren Hastings tried his best to bring a better system. He established a Board of Revenue. He appointed European District collectors to remain in charge of revenue collection.

But still, the difficulties continued. The real problem of the Government was how to go to the countless villages and get land revenue from millions of peasants according to the size and nature of their lands. It was impossible for the European District collector, who was only one for each district to do that work through his subordinate officers.

Question 2.
Sir Johan shore and active participation in introducing permanent settlement.
Answer:
In this work, the Governor General was helped by an able administrator of that time, John Shore. He justified the need for a permanent class of landlords or zamindars for the security of government with respect to its revenues and the security and protection of its subjects. In Bengal before the British conquest, there were old zamindar families who enjoyed hereditary rights on lands for a long.

But after the country was conquered by the English those zamindars disappeared. Their lands were taken over by the Government and the Government collected revenues by various methods as already discussed. Cornwallis and Shore wanted to receive that class and give them the responsibility of revenue collection. So at last Cornwallis issued a proclamation in 1793, introducing the permanent settlement.

Question 3.
An important episode in Sanyasi Rebellion.
Answer:
The sannyasi and Fakir Rebellion is an important episode in the early colonial rule in Bengal, The rebellion started in 1750 onwards but took a violent turn in 1773 when warren Hastings assumed the Governor Generalship of Bengal. The Movement covered a wide range of Bengal and Bihar and continued for a long time. There is also a distorted reflection of rebellion in Bankim Chandra’s Anandamath for which Bankim Chandra has been accused.

The present article implores how the sannyasi is and Fakirs launched their campaign in an anti-colonial attitude against the British Raj and their trusted zamindars. It was only possible due to their wide range of activities and networks. The religious pilgrimage was no doubt a factor in combining the sanyasis and Fakirs to launch a spontaneous movement for a long time.

Question 4.
Involvement of Bihar region in Sanyasi Rebellion.
Answer:
Bihar was situated in such a geographical location that it was not difficult for the Fakirs and sannyasis to establish close links with Morung and the territories adjoining Nepal. This explains why the Fakirs and Sannyasis were chased, in northern or eastern Bengal by the company’s forces, they took shelter in Bihar and from there they escaped either to northern India or to Nepal.

From their centers in Northern India like Allahabad, Benaras, and Mirzapur, their routes to their principal spoliation in Bengal ran through Bihar, and herein lies the importance of Bihar in the history of Fakir and Sannyasi uprising. Besides they had to fortify their subsidiary centers in various parts of Bihar and maintained active contacts with Nepal for purpose of trade and religious pilgrimage.

Question 5.
Introduction of paik movement.
Answer:
The paiks were the traditional landed militia of Odisha. They served as warriors and were charged with policing functions during peacetime. The paiks were organized into three ranks distinguished by their occupation and the weapons they wielded. These were the Paharis the bearers of shields and the khanda (sword), the Banuas who led distant expeditions and used matchlocks, and the Dhenkiy as archers who also performed different duties in Odisha armies.

The conquest of Odisha by the East India Company in 1803 and the dethronement of the Raja of Khurda began the fall of the power and prestige of the paikas. The attitude of the company to the paiks was expressed by Walter Ewer on the commission that looked into the causes of the Rebellion, thus.

Now there is no need for the assistance of paiks at Khurda. It is dangerous to keep them in the British armed forces. Thus they should be treated and dealt with as common Ryots and land revenue and other taxes should be collected from them. They must be deprived of their formed Jagir lands (rent-free land given to the paiks for their military service to the state).

Within a short period of time, the name of paik has already been forgotten. But still now where the paiks are living they have retained their previous aggressive nature. But still now where the paiks are living they have retained their previous aggressive nature. In order to break their poisonous teeth the British police must be highly alert to keep the paiks under their control for a pretty long period, unless the paik community is rained completely the British rule cannot run smoothly.

Question 6.
Cause of paik Rebellion.
Answer:
The paik rebellion had several social, economic, and political reasons. The paiks were alienated by the British regime who took over the hereditary rent-free lands granted to them after the conquest of Khurda. They were also subjected to extortion and oppression at the hands of the company government and its servant.

Had conciliatory measures been adopted towards the paiks from the beginning, it is possible that they would have become a source of strength to the company rule in Odisha. The extortionist land revenue policy of the company affected the peasants and the zamindars alike. A source of much consternation for the common people was the rise in price of salt due to taxes imposed on it by the new government.

The company also abolished the system of courier currency that had existed in Odisha prior to its conquest and required that taxes be paid in silver. This caused much popular hardship and discontent. In 1804 the Raja of Khurda planned a rebellion against the British in alliance with the paiks. But the plot was soon discovered and the Raja’s territory was confiscated.

Question 7.
Leader and participants in paik rebellion.
Answer:
The paiks were led by Bakshi Jagabandhu Bidyadhar Mohapatra, Bhramarabar Ray the formed Bakshi or commander of the forces of the Raja of Khurda. Jagabandhu’s familiar estate of killa Rorang was taken over by the British in 1814, reducing him to penury. When the Rebellion broke in March 1817, paiks came together under his leadership.

Raja Mukunda Deva, the last king of Khurda was another leader of the Indian rebels. The rebellion enjoyed widespread support in Oriya Society with feudal Chiefs, Zamindars, and the common people of Odisha participating in it. The Zamindars of Haripur, Mrichpur Golra, Balarampur, Budnakera, and Rupsa Supported the paiks – while the revolt started from Banapur and Khurda.

It quickly spread to other parts of Odisha such as Puri, Pipili, and Cuttack and to several remote villages, including Kanika, Kujang, and Pattamundai. The Rajas of Kanika, Kujang, Nayagarh, and Ghumusur aided Jagabandhu and Dalabehera Mirhaidar Ali of Jadupur was an important Muslim rebel.

Question 8.
The effects of Paik Rebellion.
Answer:
In May 1817, the British Posted Judges to Khurda to sentence the captured rebels. The rebels were awarded sentences of death, transportation, and long-time imprisonment. Between 1818 and 1826, the company’s forces undertook combing operations in the jungles of Khurda to capture and put to death rebels who had managed to escape.

In these operations, numerous paiks were killed. Their leader Jagabandhu surrendered to the British in 1825 and lived as their prisoner in Cuttack until 1829 when he died. On capturing Puri, Jagabandhu offered to rain state Raja Mukunda Deva. Whom the British had dethroned in 1804 and exiled to Puri as the Raja of Khurda.

Although the turned down the other and asked for British assistance, he was arrested when the British retook the town and was imprisoned at Cuttack. The Raja died a British prisoner in November 1817. The East India Company also appointed a commissioner of Cuttack Robert Ker to ensure. Such a rebellion would not repeat itself.

These attempts remained half-hearted at best, the British viewing Odisha largely as a convent land link between their presidencies of Madras and Bengal. Odisha continued to be wracked by localized insurgencies including at Tapanga in 1827 and the Banapur Rebellion of 1835. The revenue policies of the company in Odisha, which was a major cause of hardship to the people, remained unchanged.

Question 9.
The background of the Santhal Rebellion.
Answer:
The uprising of the Santhals began as a tribal reaction to and despotic British revenue system, usury practices, and the Zamindari system in India, in the tribal best of what was then known as the Bengal presidency. It was a revolt against the oppression of the colonial ruse propagated through a distorted revenue system, enforced by the local Zamindars, the police, and the courts of the legal system set up by the British.

Before the British advent in India, residing in the hilly districts of Manbhum, Barahum, Chhotanagpur, Palamu, and Birbhum. They lived an agrarian lifestyle by clearing forest patches, cultivating, and hunting for subsistence. But as the agents of the new colonial rule. Claimed their rights on the lands, the Santhal retreated to the hills of Rajmahal. After a brief period, the British operatives with their native undersigns i.e. the local landlords lay claim on this new land as well.

Zamindars and the money lenders all used them for goods lent to them on loans, through corrupt practices of the money lenders, the loan grew to prohibitive proportions, for repaying which entire families had to work as bonded laborers. This dispossession turned the Santhals into nebess and finally, they took on oath to launch an attack on the ruling authority i.e. the British.

Question 10.
Mangal Pandey and Nana Sahib.
Answer:
He was spray served under the English East India Company. He provided the immediate spark to the revolt of 1857. He shut at the chief of the 34th regiment at Barrackpore. Nana Saheb was a rebel in the revolt of 1857. He was the adopted son of Peshwa Baji Rao II. He remained in charge of the Kanpur center during the Revolt of 1857.

Question 11.
Reason for modern means of communication.
Answer:
In order to facilitate the shipment of raw material at a low cost facilitate the shipment of raw materials at a low cost, the British constructed roads, and railways so that goods could be sent to ports quickly. In order to promote their own commercial interest in India.

Question 12.
Ryotwari and Mahalwari system.
Answer:
It was a land revenue system introduced by the British in the Madres region. Under this, the govt made settlements directly with the ryots or cultivators to pay the revenue for a period of 30 years. It was a land revenue system. In the northern part of India, the British introduced the malware system. The settlement was made between the govt and the mahals or groups of villages.

Question 13.
Laxman Naik.
Answer:
Laxman Naik was a hero of the Quit India movement in Odisha. He was the leader of the tribal groups of Koraput. The tribal people under the leadership of Laxman Naik defied the Govt, most heroically while the course of the revolution of 1942 was in full swing in other places of Odisha.

Question 14.
Non-cooperation Movement in Odisha.
Answer:
Utkal Pradesh congress committee was formed and Gopabandhu Das became its president. The Utkal Pradesh Congress committee prepared grounds in Odisha for the Non-Cooperation movement.

Question 15.
The immediate cause of the Revolt of 1857.
Answer:
An immediate cause was provided by the introduction of cartridges that had greased paper covers. At that time a new rifle called the Enfield rifle was supplied to the soldiers. The cartridges to be used in die rifles were greased with fat. Before fitting in the cartridges in the refile, the soldiers had to bite off their ends with their teeth. A rumor spread that the cartridges were greased with the fat of cows and pigs.

The soldiers easily believed that it had been intentionally done by the British to defile their religions. It is clear that it was taboo for a Hindu Soldier to bite the Fat of a cow and for a Muslim soldier to bite the fat of a pig. Both refused to use these cartridges. When force was used against them they were further angered by the British.

Question 16.
Queen Victoria’s proclamation.
Answer:
Queen victoria’s proclamation was made by lord canning in a grand Durbar at Allahabad on 1st November 1858. According to it. The decision was taken to end the company’s rule in India. Henceforth the Indian territories would not be annexed to the British crown. The Indian princes were given the right to adopt sons and successors.

The people of India would be eligible for all Public offices. People were guaranteed full religious freedom. Henceforth; the GoVt. would not interfere in their religious beliefs and practices. The last not the least, the proclamation promised that the Govt, of India, would do its best to benefit and benevolence of the Indians.

Question 17.
Development of communication.
Answer:
The British built a network of roads and railways in order to promote their own commercial interest in India. The vast network of roads and railways and postal system helped the British to maintain rigid administrative control over India. The first railway line ran between Bombay and Thane. Lord Dalhousie promoted this system, which benefited the British administration and business.

On the contrary, people living in faraway places could travel freely and mix with one another. Regional feelings began to disappear and people felt for the first time that they belonged to one country. Thus, it made it possible to mobilize public opinion on a national scale, Indeed it was a factor in the rise of Nationalism in India.

Question 18.
Drain of wealth.
Answer:
Drain of wealth means a part of India’s national wealth was being exported to England for which India got no adequate economic or material returns. It was the root cause of poverty in India. Dada Bhai Naoroji the grand old man of India, was the first person who propounded this theory. The Indian wealth was siphoned of to the British municipality drain. The moderate leaders drew the attention of the mass.

They emphasized that the drain was not only the loss of wealth but also the loss of capital. The drain caused a loss of employment and income. It was responsible for the slow growth of modern industry in India. The drain of wealth also affected the peasants directly. The high rate of land revenue was due to the drain. Thus, this drain theory created awareness among the common people later on.

Question 19.
Jalianawalla Bagh Massacre.
Answer:
On 13 th April 1919 people organized a peaceful general meeting in a small garden in Amritsar, Punjab against the proclamation issued by General Dyer which, forbade public meetings and processions. People were not adequately informed of this proclamation. The meeting place was an enclosed plot of ground known as JalianawaflaBagh.

General O Dyer came with troops blocking the only exit of the compound and ordered his troops 40 open fire on the crowd without warning. A large number of people were killed and wounded in cold blood. This mass killing is known as the Jalianawalla Bagh massacre in history.

Question 20.
Khilafat Movement.
Answer:
The policy of non-violent, noncooperation was used in India for the first time is the Khilafat movement. Turkey had fought against the British in the First World War. At the end of the war, Turkey was defeated. The British divided the Turkish empire and abolished the epithet ‘khalifa’ who was regarded as the spiritual head of the Muslim world. Asa an impact of it Turkey started a movement against the British.

To support the people of Turkistan, Gandhiji started Khilafat Movement in India. Undoubtedly the khilafat movement launched by Gandhiji strengthened national feeling, fostered sentiments of Hindu – Muslim unity, and led afresh to political awakening. Thus, this movement prepared the ground for Non-Cooperation Movement in India in 1921.

Question 21.
Chouri Chaura incident.
Answer:
While Noncooperation Movement was going on violence broke out at Chori Chaura – a village near Gorakhpur district of Uttar Pradesh in the year 1922 in the month of February, where evident mob stormed and burnt a police station and killed twenty-two policemen Gandhiji was the opposite of violence. He was, therefore, visibly moved and very disappointed. He realized that the country was not yet ripe for a non-violent struggle. Suddenly, he announced the suspension of the Movement.

Question 22.
Utkal Pradesh congress committee.
Answer:
The Utkal Pradesh congress committee prepared grounds in Odisha for the Non-Cooperation Movement Gopabandhu Das was its president. The committee served twin purposes. First to make a grand success of the Non-Cooperation Movement and second for the linguistic unity of the Oriya people.

It directed the people to total Non-Cooperation with the Government, Hundred Oriyas enrolled in to the committee as volunteers to become congress workers. Most parts of Odisha came under the spell of the Gandhian Struggle due to the effects of the Utkal Pradesh Congress committee.

Question 23.
Dandi March.
Answer:
The civil Disobedience Movement began with the Dandi march of Mahatma Gandhi. He began his historic movement.

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Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 12 History Solutions Unit 1 Sources of Indian History Objective Questions.

CHSE Odisha 12th Class History Unit 1 Sources of Indian History Objective Questions

Multiple Choice Questions with Answers

Question 1.
The word “History” derived from which word?
(a) Histology
(b) Histogram
(c) History
(d) Historia
Answer:
(d) Historia

Question 2.
Who is? the father of History?
(a) Thusidydes
(b) Humer
(c) Herodotus
(d) Aristotle
Answer:
(c) Herodotus

Question 3.
“History is an exemplary philosophy who told this?
(a) Dinosaurs
(b) Aristotle
(c) Polybius
(d) Thusidydes
Answer:
(a) Dinosaurs

Question 4.
What is the meaning of History?
(a) Old episodes
(b) Current episodes
(c) Which is going to be
(d) An autobiography
Answer:
(a) Old episodes

Question 5.
Which is first-class history?
(a) Heroic History
(b) Natural history
(c) Time and incidental history
(d) Democratic history
Answer:
(c) Time and incidental history

Question 6.
Who said ‘’History is the summary of unchanged past”?
(a) Herodotus
(b) Thusidydes
(c) Aristotle
(d) Rousseau
Answer:
(a) Aristotle

Question7.
Who said, “History is a story which makes man intelligent”?
(a) Francis Beacon
(b) Historian Karlyle
(c) Philosopher Rousseau
(d) Polybius
Answer:
(a) Francis Beacon

Question 8.
Who said, “History is an art and it gets an even from many odds”?
(a) John Anderson
(b) Jawaharlal Nehru
(c) Henry Johnson
(d) Rousseau
Answer:
(d) Rousseau

Question 9.
History is an exclamatory summary of what we are and why we? Whose statement is this?
(a) Karlton Kun
(b) Hegel
(c) Rousseau
(d) Karl Marx
Answer:
a) Karlton Kun

Question 10.
Who told, “Total History is eternal”?
(a) Polybius
(b) Henry Johnson
(c) Hegel
(d) R.G Kingwood
Answer:
(d) R. G. Collingwood

Question 11.
“History is a bridge between past and present” who told this?
(a) Elliot
(b) Thomas Karlyle
(c) Lord Acton
(d) Thusidydes
Answer:
(a) Elliot

Question 12.
History is a _________?
(a) Physics
(b) Chemistry
(c) Zoology
(d) Social Science
Answer:
(d) Social Science

Question 13.
Who is the author of the book “What is History”?
(a) E. H. Kann
(b) Thomas Kanlyle
(c) Metland
(d) J. B. Bari
Answer:
(a) E. H. Kann

Question 14.
Who is the author of the book “Discovery of India”?
(a) Sarvapalli Radhakrishnan
(b) Karlyle
(c) E. H. Kann
(d) Jawaharlal Nehru
Answer:
(d) Jawaharlal Nehru

Question 15.
According to which river name the ancient Persians gave name to India “Hind”?
(a) Satadru
(b) Sindhu
(c) Yamuna
(d) Ganga
Answer:
(b) Sindhu

Question 16.
The ancient scripts of India derived from which civilization’s archaeology?
(a) Aryan civilization
(b) Later Vedic civilization
(c) Harappan civilization
(d) Mauryan civilization
Answer:
(c) Harappan civilization

Question 17.
Which coin is regarded as the ancient coinage of India?
(a) Printing notes of Mauryan Period
(b) Kushan coinage
(c) Jew-Greek coin
(d) Gupta coinage
Answer:
(a) Printing notes of the Mauryan Period

Question 18.
How many purahS are seen in India?
(a) 18
(b) 15
(c) 20
(d) 10
Answer:
(a) 18

Question 19.
Which religion’s literature is “Sutrapitaka”?
(a) Buddhism
(b) Jainism
(c) Hinduism
(d) Islam
Answer:
(a) Buddhism

Question 20.
Which Pitaka shows different aspects of the life of a monk?
(a) Sutra Pitaka
(b) Binaya Pitaka
(c) Abhidharma Pitaka
(d) None of the above
Answer:
(b) Binaya Pitaka

Question 21.
Who is the author of “Arthashastra”?
(a) Measthenes
(b) Panini
(c) Patanjali
(d) Kautilya
Answer:
(d) Kautilya

Question 22.
Who wrote “Kumarasambhabam”?
(a) Kalidasa
(b) Sudraka
(c) Bishnu Sharma
(d) Visakhadutta
Answer:
(a) Kalidasa

Question 23.
Who is the author of “Mudrarakshasa”?
(a) Kalidasa
(b) Kautilya
(c) Harisena
(d) Visakhadutta
Answer:
(d) Visakhadutta

Question 24.
Who wrote ‘Harshacharita’?
(a) Harshavardhana
(b) Banabhatta
(c) Panini
(d) Vishnu
Answer:
(b) Banabhatta

Question 25.
“Bikramanka Charita” is written by whom?
(a) Bilhana
(b) Patanjali
(c) Kautilya
(d) Kalhana
Answer:
(a) Bilhana

Question 26.
“Rama Charita” is written by whom?
(a) Banabhatta
(b) Sandhyakar Nandi
(c) Vishakhadutta
(d) Kalhana
Answer:
(b) Sandhyakar Nandi

Question 27.
“Prithwiraj Charita” is written by whom?
(a) Bilhana
(b) Sandhyakar Nandi
(c) Panini
(d) Chandakabi
Answer:
(d) Chandakabi

Question 28.
Who is the author of “Rajatarangini’?
(a) Patanjali
(b) Kalhana
(c) Kautilya
(d) Megasthenes
Answer:
(b) Kalhana

Question 29.
For the ancient historical writings engraved literature legends and coins are regarded as which source?
(a) Religious literature
(b) Secular literature
(c) Archaeological monuments
(d) Account of foreigners
Answer:
(c) Archaeological monuments

Question 30.
Kalidas’s “Malabikagnimitra” relates some incidental aspects of which king?
(a) Harshavardhana
(b) Pushyamitra Sunga
(c) Chandragupta Maurya
(d) Samudragupta
Answer:
(b) Pushyamitra Sunga

Question 31.
Who is the author of‘Swapnabasaba-Dutta”?
(a) Kalidasa
(b) Vishakhacjiltta
(c) Kautilya
(d) Bhasa
Answer:
(d) Bhasa

Question 32.
Moral teachings literature “Pancha-tantrum” is written by whom?
(a) Bishnu Sharma
(b) Patanjali
(c) Sudraka
(d) Harisena
Answer:
(a) Bishnu Sharma

Question 33.
“Chhachanama” is which country’s literature?
(a) Egypt
(b) Arab
(c) China
(d) India
Answer:
(b) Arab

Question 34.
Which foreign geographist has described in his geographical text regarding the ports of India?
(a) Pliny
(b) Megasthenes
(c) I tsing
(d) Jalemy
Answer:
(d) Jeremy

Question 35.
Which Greek king sent ambassador Megasthenes to the Mauryan court?
(a) Alexander
(b) Peimachas
(c) Dionisius
(d) Seleucus
Answer:
(d) Seleucus

Question 36.
Kautilya’s ‘Arthasashtra’ is what type of literature?
(a) Religious literature
(b) Life science
(c) Touring episode
(d) Political literature
Answer:
(d) Political literature

Question 37.
In which king’s reign did Chinese ambassador Fa-Hien came to India?
(a) Samudragupta
(b) Ashoka
(c) Chandragupta II
(d) Harshavardhan
Answer:
(c) Chandragupta II

Question 38.
Which script is written by Fa-Hien?
(a) Fo-Kuo-Ki
(b) Si-Yu Ki
(c) Historia Pipilika
(d) Jahik-i-hind
Answer:
(a) Fo-Kuo-Ki

Question 39.
In which king’s reign Hiuen-Tsang came to India?
(a) Kharavela
(b) Chandragupta Maurya
(c) Chandragupta II
(d) Harshavardhan
Answer:
(d) Harshavardhan

Question 40.
Who is the author of the script Si-Yu-Ki?
(a) Fa-hien
(b) Lao-Tse
(c) Hiuen-Tsang
(d) I-Tsing
Answer:
(c) Hiuen-Tsang

Question 41.
“Mahabhasya” is written by whom?
(a) Patanjali
(b) Kalhana
(c) Aryabhatta
(d) Barahamihira
Answer:
(a) Patanjali

Question 42.
Who wrote the book ‘Tarique-e-hind”?
(a) Al-Beruni.
(b) Hasan Nizami
(c) Gulbadan Baig
(d) Abdullah
Answer:
(a) Al-Beruni

Question 43.
“Tabaquat-i-nisin” is written by whom?
(a) Ziauddin Barani
(b) Amir Khusru
(c) Minhaz-i-siraj
(d) Mohammad Kadir
Answer:
(c) Minhaz-i-siraj

Question 44.
“Tarique-i-froze” is written by whom?
(a) Ziauddin Barani
(b) Amir Khusru
(c) Mohammad Amin
(d) Mohammad Kadir
Answer:
(a) Ziauddin Barani

Question 45.
The book ‘Humayun-Nama is written by whom?
(a) Gulbadan Baig
(b) Abash Khan Sarwag
(c) Mohammad Amin
(d) Abdullah Khan
Answer:
(a) Gulbadan Baig

Question 46.
Who wrote the script ‘Akbarnama’?
(a) Akbar
(b) Amir Khusru
(c) Fayaji
(d) Abul Fazal
Answer:
(d) Abul Fazal

Question 47.
Indian legendary sign ‘Asiatic society of Bengal’ was established by whom in 1774 A.D.?
(a) Rakhaldas Banerjee
(b) Dayaram Sahani
(c) William Johnes
(d) James Princep
Answer:
(c) William Johnes

Question 48.
Which archaeologist has discovered the ‘Brahmi’ script?
(a) General Kaningha
(b) Johnes Princep
(c) Rakhaldas Baneijee
(d) Dayaram Sahani
Answer:
(b) Johnes Princep

Question 49.
Which king built the ‘Hatigumpha Inscription’?
(a) King Ashoka
(b) King Samudragupta
(c) King Harshavardhana
(d) King Kharavela
Answer:
(d) King Kharavela

Question 50.
“Aihole Inscription” gives information regarding which king?
(a) Gupta king Samudragupta
(b) King of Kalinga Kharavela
(c) Chalukya king Pulakesi-II
(d) Saka king Rudradaman
Answer:
(c) Chalukya king Pulakesi-II

Question 51.
Which system gives information about coinage?
(a) Epigraphy
(b) Numismatics
(c) Account of Foreigners
(d) Archival sources
Answer:
(b) Numismatics

Question 52.
The Saranath, Dhauli, and Jaugarh information of king Ashoka what type of source?
(a) Informative source
(b) Religious source
(c) Legendary source
(d) Praiseworthy source
Answer:
(b) Religious source

Question 53.
The defeat of Harshavardhan by Chalukya king Pulakesi is known from which Pillar Inscription?
(a) Gwalior pillar inscription
(b) Allahabad pillar inscription
(c) Mehrulli iron pillar inscription
(d) Aihole pillar inscription
Answer:
(d) Aihole pillar inscription

Question 54.
Many things regarding the reign of Samudragupta are unknown which pillar inscription was unwritten?
(a) Mehrulli pillar inscription
(b) Aihol pillar inscription
(c) Girinar pillar inscription
(d) Allahabad pillar inscription
Answer:
(d) Allahabad pillar inscription

Question 55.
What type of culture was Harappa?
(a) Village culture
(b) City culture
(c) Mixture of village and city culture
(d) Extraordinary culture
Answer:
(b) City culture

Question 56.
Who considered Harappa in 1829 A.D. as ‘Breakage Brick’s Fort’?
(a) Charles Mason
(b) Sir Bums
(c) Sir John Marshall
(d) Rakhal Das Benaijee
Answer:
(a) Charles Mason

Question 57.
By whose endeavor in 1921-22 were two eminent towns’ archaeological discoveries found?
(a) Mason & Bums
(b) R.S. Tripathy & Bhandarkar
(c) Harprasad Shastri & R.C. Majumdar
(d) R.D. Benaijee & Dayaram Sahani
Answer:
(d) R.D. Benaijee & Dayaram Sahani

Question 58.
Where Mahenjodaro is located?
(a) Gujurat state
(b) Rajasthan state
(c) District of Montgomery in West-Punjab
(d) Lankan district in Sindh
Answer:
(d) Lankan district in Sindh

Question 59.
Where is Harappan situated?
(a) District of Montgomery in West-Punjab
(b) Lankan district in Sindh
(c) State of Jammu & Kashmir
(d) State of Gujarat
Answer:
(a) District of Montgomery in West-Punjab

Question 60.
What is the meaning of Mahenjodaro?
(a) Elaborate city
(b) Proposed city
(c) Dead City
(d) Village city
Answer:
(c) Dead City

Question 61.
Where ‘Great Bath’ was discovered?
(a) Harappa
(b) Sindh civilization
(c) Later Vedic Age
(d) Mahenjodaro
Answer:
(d) Mahenjodaro

Question 62.
Veda is divided into how many parts?
(a) 10
(b) 6
(c) 8
(d) 4
Answer:
(d) 4

Question 63.
The village headman was known in Vedic?
(a) Gramani
(b) Gramika
(c) Gramapati
(d) Vispati
Answer:
(a) Gramani

Question 64.
Which social phenomena were important in
(a) Family
(b) Kula (clan)
(c) Grama (village)
(d) City
Answer:
(a) Family

Question 65.
Which two important democratic institution was important to assist the king in his administration?
(a) Family & clan
(b) Sabha & Samiti
(c) City & Multi-city
(d) National & International
Answer:
(b) Sabha & Samiti

Question 66.
Who was known as ‘Pani’ in Rigvedic civilization?
(a) Officials
(b) Businessmen
(c) Military men
(d) Poets
Answer:
(b) Businessmen

Question 67.
What was called to be JSna head in the Rigvedic Age?
(a) Gop
(b) Gramani
(c) Kulam
(d) Rajan
Answer:
(a) Gop

Question 68.
What was the designation of tax collectors in the early Vedic age?
(a) Sangrahitri
(b) Bhagadugha
(c) Stapati
(d) Ugra
Answer:
(b) Bhagadugha

Question 69.
What was the designation of treasurer in the early Vedic age?
(a) Abakshapa
(b) Gobikruta
(c) Bhagadugha
(d) Sangrahitri
Answer:

Question 70.
What is the name of the earliest Veda?
(a) Rig
(b) Sham
(c) Yajur
(d) Atharva
Answer:

Question 71.
In the Rigvedic Age who is the God of Truth & Morality?
(a) Indra
(b) Varuna
(c) Agri (Fire)
(d) Surya (Sun)
Answer:
(d) Surya (Sun)

Question 72.
Where Lothal is situated?
(a) Rajasthan
(b) Sindh
(c) Gujurat
(d) Punjab
Answer:
(c) Gujurat

Question 73.
What was the designation of the family head in the Rigvedic Age ? –
(a) Rajan
(b) Gop
(c) Kulapa
(d) Purohit
Answer:
(c) Kulapa

Question 74.
From which Age the social four-fold division system was introduced?
(a) Early Vedic Age
(b) Harappa Age
(c) Sixth century B.C.
(d) Later Vedic Age
Answer:
(d) Later Vedic Age

Question 75.
At which age did the Indian women’s earlier position deteriorate?
(a) Early Vedic Age
(b) Later Vedic Age
(c) Jaina’s Age
(d) Buddhist Age
Answer:
(b) Later Vedic Age

Question 76.
A harbor is discovered from which area of Harappan civilization?
(a) Lothal
(b) Kalibangan
(c) Rangpur
(d) Manda
Answer:
(a) Lothal

Question 77.
The use of which metal was unknown to Harappan people?
(a) Copper
(b) Bronze
(c) Iron
(d) Tinv
Answer:
(c) Iron

Question 78.
Which script describes the creation of Mahajanapada?
(a) Shyam Veda
(b) Jaina Text
(c) Sutra Pitaka
(d) Angultara Nikaya
Answer:
(d) Anguttana Nikaya

Question 79.
What was the number of Mahajanapada?
(a) 4
(b) 12
(c) 16
(d) 20
Answer:
(c) 16

Question 80.
In the sixth century B.C. the eminent traders of Janapada and Mahajanapadas were told as?
(a) Pani
(b) Sresthi
(c) Bhagadugha
(d) Sangnahitri
Answer:
(b) Shrestha

Fill in the Blanks

Question 1.
____said, “History Is a correcting river between present and past”.
Answer:
T.S.Eliot.

Question 2.
History is _____ Veda.
Answer:
Fifth

Question 3.
History Is derived from ____ Greek word.
Answer:
Historia

Question 4.
__________ is the father of history.
Answer:
Herodotus

Question 5.
The Persians named India Hind according to _________ rivers name.
Answer:
Sindhu

Question 6.
__________ historian is regarded as the scientific historian.
Answer:
Thucydides

Question 7.
archaeological inscriptions from outside India gave information regarding India.
Answer:
Bigha-kaya

Question 8.
the administrator told In his own word that “the engraved stone inscriptions of his administrative principles will last for long years.
Answer:
Ashoka

Question 9.
The other name of Veda is ________.
Answer:
Sruti

Question 10.
The last part of Veda is known as __________.
Answer:
Vedanga

Question 11.
In _________ Veda, a description is found about life after death.
Answer:
Atharva Veda

Question 12.
In __________ Veda’s description of various rituals is found.
Answer:
Ayurveda

Question 13.
The ancient script of India derived from __________ archaeological excavation.
Answer:
Harappa

Question 14.
The ancient particles derived from the digging of the earth are regarded as _________ aid.
Answer:
Archaeology

Question 15.
The study of coin ¡s regarded as __________.
Answer:
Numismatic

Question 16.
In total _________ number of Purans available in India.
Answer:
18

Question 17.
Violin-engraved coins prevailed in age ___________.
Answer:
Gupta Age

Question 18.
inscription eulogizes regarding Pulakesin-II __________.
Answer:
Able

Question 19.
__________ is the earliest coin of India.
Answer:
Punch-marked corn of the Mauryan age.

Question 20.
Reminder inscription describes emperor _________.
Answer:
Asoka

Question 21.
____________ Governor General had established the Archaeological Survey of India.
Answer:
Lord Curzon

Question 22.
Sutrapitaka is the literature script of religion ___________.
Answer:
Buddhism

Question 23.
_________ is the author of Arthasastra.
Answer:
Kautilya

Question 24.
Kumarsambhava was written by _________.
Answer:
Kalidasa

Question 25.
The author of Mudrarakshasa was _________.
Answer:
Visakhadutta

Question 26.
Allahabad pillar inscription serves as the source of information for king ________.
Answer:
Samudragupta

Question 27.
Milinda Parba is a religious textbook __________.
Answer:
Buddhist.

Question 28.
Harsha Chanta was written by _________.
Answer:
Banabhatta

Question 29.
Arthasastra describes regarding __________.
Answer:
State Administration

Question 30.
Thughlagnama was written by _______.
Answer:
Amir Khustru

Question 31.
Travian stresses upon dynasty __________.
Answer:
Mughal

Question 32.
Kumarpala Chanta was written by _________.
Answer:
Hernachandra.

Question 33.
To know regarding English administration _______ source is required.
Answer:
Archival source

Question 34.
The art in kama rupa eulogizes regarding religious history _________.
Answer:
Shakta

Question 35.
Bikramarka Chanta was written by ____________.
Answer:
I3ilhana

Question 36.
The author of Rama Chanta is __________.
Answer:
Sandhyakara Nandi

Question 37.
Prithviraj Chanta was written by __________.
Answer:
Chandakabi

Question 38.
Raja Tarangini was written by ___________.
Answer:
Kaihana

Question 39.
Malabikagnimitram of Kalidasa based regarding some aspect of _________ kinds administration.
Answer:
Pusyamitrasunga.

Question 40.
The drama Swapna Vasabadutta was written by _________.
Answer:
Bhasa

Question 41.
Principle-oriented script Panchatantra was written by __________.
Answer:
Bishnu Sharma

Question 42.
Chacha Nama script belongs to country __________.
Answer:
Arab

Question 43.
An eminent geographist has described in his book about the ports of India _________.
Answer:
Talmy

Question 44.
Greek king has sent ambassador Megasthenes to Mauryan court _________.
Answer:
Seluskas

Question 45.
Chinees ambassador Fahien comes to India at the time of kings administration ________.
Answer:
Chandragupta Il.

Question 46.
The written script of Fashion Is known as _________.
Answer:
Fu-FuoKi

Question 47.
Hiuen Tsang came to India under the administration of king _________.
Answer:
Haravardhara

Question 48.
Si-yu-ki was written by __________.
Answer:
Hwen Tsang

Question 49.
Aftér Hiuen Tsang in seventh-century traveler came to India _______.
Answer:
It-Singh

Question 50.
Hyun Tsang belongs to religion ________.
Answer:
Addison

Question 51.
Mahabharata was written by ________.
Answer:
Ganji

Question 52.
From Kirtikumudini the culture of country _________ is known.
Answer:
Ncf.2

Question 53.
The life story of Babur is known as ________.
Answer:
Brian

Question 54.
The thick-E-Hind script was written by _________.
Answer:
Alberuni

Question 55.
Tabaqat-I-Nasir script was written by _________.
Answer:
Miraz-Sn

Question 56.
wrote Tarikh-E-Firozsahi book _________.
Answer:
Ziauddin Barani

Question 57.
Author of Humayunnama ________.
Answer:
Gulbadan Begun

Question 58.
Book Akbarnama was written by ___________.
Answer:
Abul Fazal

Question 59.
In Devi Chandraputra regarding emperor we know _________.
Answer:
Chandragupta 11

Question 60.
From the course, we came to know about Indi-Greek history _________.
Answer:
Numismatic

Question 61.
Sisupalgarh Is situated at the foot of __________ hill of Bhubaneswar.
Answer:
Dhauli

Question 62.
Gomateswara Bahubali sculpture belongs to state ________.
Answer:
Karnataka,

Question 63.
In ________ place of Rajasthan, Jainism emblems are seen.
Answer:
Diawara

Question 64.
_________ temple of mama put gives information about the sculptural architect of Pallavas.
Answer:
Prastarakata

Question 65.
In the coin of the king, the picture of Shivas standing near a bull is seen _________.
Answer:
Bimkadfises

Question 66.
The sculpture of beans is testimony regarding the culture of Chola ________.
Answer:
Tanjore

Question 67.
In ________ history, the period from SOOB.C. to 600B.C. is known as age.
Answer:
Darkage

Question 68.
Asiatic Society of Bengal was established in 1774 A.D. by ________.
Answer:
William johns.

Question 69.
an archaeologist was able to discover Brahmi script ___________.
Answer:
Johns princes

Question 70.
_________ Hatigumpha inscription is built by the king.
Answer:
King Kharavela

Question 71.
Saranath, Dhauli and Jaugarh pillar inscriptions of Asoka are _______ type of source.
Answer:
Religious source.

Question 72.
The description regarding the defeat of Harshavardhana by Pulakesin is known from Pillar inscription _________.
Answer:
Aibole Pillar inscription.

Question 73.
Many things regarding the _______ eminent king Samudragupts were unknown if the inscription was undeciphered.
Answer:
Allahabad Pillar inscription

Question 74.
The Harappan culture was a _______ culture.
Answer:
City

Question 75.
In 1829 ________ described Harappa as Brakage Bricks castle.
Answer:
Charles Mason.

Question 76.
By the endeavor of________ and _______ in 192 1-22, two eminent cities were discovered.
Answer:
Rakhaldas Banaijee, Dayaram Sahani.

Question 77.
In place, Mahenjadaro is situated ________.
Answer:
Larkana district of Sind

Question 78.
In place, Harappa Is situated _______.
Answer:
Martogomeny district of soiflh Punjab.

Question 79.
Meaning of the term Mahenjadaro _________.
Answer:
Dead City

Question 80.
In place Great Bath discovers ________.
Answer:
Mahenjadaro

Question 81.
In Harappan culture was a trade center ________.
Answer:
Local

Question 82.
In ________ place of Harappa, many ovens were discovered.
Answer:
Kálibangan

Question 83.
_______ system was a renewed system in Harappan civilization.
Answer:
Drainage.

Question 84.
_______ first discovered the study system in Harappan culture.
Answer:
S.R.Räo

Question 85.
The people of Harappa were unknown regarding animals __________.
Answer:
Horse and Dog.

Question 86.
The people of Harappa were unknown of ________ metal.
Answer:
Icon.

Question 87.
The discovered Yogiemblem from the Harappan seal is compared with image _______.
Answer:
Pasupati shiva.

Question 88.
A swastika symbol in some Harappan seals anticipated worShip ¡n that civilization ________.
Answer:
Sùn.

Question 89.
Lothal belongs to ________ state.
Answer:
Gujarat

Question 90.
The decrease of Harappan culture began from ________ B.C.
Answer:
1800

Question 91.
The Length and breadth of the Great Bath were ________ and.
Answer:
55 meters and 35 meters.

Question 92.
_________ From a place in Mesopotamia, five Harappan seals were discovered.
Answer:
Elan

Question 93.
The roads in Harappan culture cut ëachothen in ________ angle.
Answer:
Rightafigle

Question 94.
worshipped animal in Harappan civilization was famous _________.
Answer:
Humpbu11

Question 95.
Harappa city now belongs to country _______.
Answer:
Pakistan

Question 96.
_______ was the religious sacred scripture of Aryans.
Answer:
Veda

Question 97.
The other name of Veda is __________.
Answer:
Sruti

Question 98.
Life after death is described In ________ Veda.
Answer:
Atharva

Question 99.
___________ Veda is the oldest.
Answer:
Rig

Question 100.
The ceremonies and described in ___________ Veda.
Answer:
Yajur

Question 101.
In _______ Vedic age was the chief in the Judiciary system.
Answer:
KiDg

Question 102.
In Rig _________ Vedic society was the chief of the village.
Answer:
Gramiini

Question 103.
The dwelling place of Aryans is called ___________.
Answer:
Aryavarta

Question 104.
In Aryan society was the base of society _________.
Answer:
Family

Question 105.
In Rig-Vedic culture, the family system prevailed ________.
Answer:
Joint

Question 106.
________ Constructed by uniting some families.
Answer:
Village

Question 107.
Some village’s unity came to be known as a vis and the head of it was known as _________.
Answer:
Vispati

Question 108.
_________ To help the King in administration and organization came into existence In Aryan society.
Answer:
Sabha and Samiti

Question 109.
________ were known as Pani In the Vedic age.
Answer:
Businessmen

Question 110.
In the early Vedic age the revenue collection workers were known as _________.
Answer:
Bhagadugha

Question 111.
The treasure In the early Vedic age was known as _________.
Answer:
Sangrahitri

Question 112.
The name of early Vedas Is _______.
Answer:
Rigveda

Question 113.
In the Rigvedic age, the head of the family was known as __________.
Answer:
Kulapa

Question 114.
The social fourfold division of life began at age _________.
Answer:
Later Vedic age.

Question 115.
In ________ later Vedic Age the coronation of the king was done in Yajna.
Answer:
Rajasuya

Question 116.
The literature written in the latter part of Vedicate is known as _________.
Answer:
Vedanta

Question 117.
The disciples acquired education in ________ ashrama.
Answer:
Gurukul

Question 118.
From ________ Buddhist script, sixteen Mahajanapadas came to be known.
Answer:
Anguttaranikaya

Question 119.
Among the sixteen Mahajanapadas, the democratic states were developed in the coastal belt of ________ river.
Answer:
Ganga

Question 120.
________ From the Jajna text, many things are known regarding Mahajanapadas.
Answer:
Hagabati Sutra

Question 121.
From ________ text of Panini, we got information about Mahajanapadas.
Answer:
Vyakarana

Question 122.
After the death of Buddha in city _________ of Magaha The first Buddist conference was celebrated.
Answer:
Rajagriha

Question 123.
Udayana was the king of state __________.
Answer:
Valsa

Question 124.
The oldest king of Kasi was ________.
Answer:
Savasana

Question 125.
Anga Kingdom ________ accepted the allegiance of the kingdom.
Answer:
Magadha

Question 126.
Magadha king Bimbisara marnedto _________ Pnnecess of Vaisali.
Answer:
Chhelana.

Question 127
The literary meaning of Mahajanpada ________.
Answer:
Great state

Question 128.
________ was the capital of Kosala.
Answer:
Sravasti

Question 129.
_________ The mother of Mahavira belongs to the country.
Answer:
Lichhabi

Question 130.
The number of Mahajanapada was _________.
Answer:
16

Question 131.
In the sixth century B.C., the chief traders of Janapadas and Mahajanpadas were told as _________.
Answer:
Shrestha

Question 132.
In the sixth century B.C. the democratic states in Indian Mahajanpadas were called _______.
Answer:
Gana.

Question 133.
In the sixth century B.C. the officials engaged and helped the judiciary were called __________.
Answer:
Vyavaharika

Question 134.
In the Sixth century B.C. the ancient Brugukachha port is known in modern times as _________.
Answer:
Broch

Question 135.
Women enjoyed high status during age ________.
Answer:
Earlý Vedic

Question 136.
The practice of ways bara was prevalent during age __________.
Answer:
Later Vedic

Question 137.
The name of the Gold coin prevalent during the Vedic age was called ________.
Answer:
Nishka

Question 138.
Autobiography belongs to ________ source of History.
Answer:
Literary

Question 139.
_______ is the science and method of exploring and understanding ancient ruins and remains.
Answer:
Archaeology

Question 140.
The study of inscription ¡s called _______.
Answer:
Epigraphy

Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 12 History Solutions Unit 5 Colonial Cities Objective Questions.

CHSE Odisha 12th Class History Unit 5 Colonial Cities Objective Questions

Multiple Choice Questions with Answers

Question 1.
During which time the pre-colonial town did grow?
(a) Mughal
(b) Maratha
(c) English
(d) French
Answer:
(a) Mughal

Question 2.
Which among the following is a pre-colonial city?
(a) Calcutta
(b) Madras
(c) Bombay
(d) Lahore
Answer:
(d) Lahore

Question 3.
Which town of the South was famous for trade and commerce during the Medieval period?
(a) Walter
(b) Hyderabad
(c) Madurai
(d) Bangalore
Answer:
(c) Madurai

Question 4.
Where did the Portuguese establish their colony in India?
(a) Panaji
(b) Madras
(c) Pondicherry
(d) Musulipattanam
Answer:
(a) Panaji

Question 5.
Where did the French establish their colony in India?
(a) Madras
(b) Panaji
(c) Pondicherry
(d) Musulipattanam
Answer:
(c) Pondicherry

Question 6.
Where the Dutch settle in India?
(a) Calcutta
(b) Madras
(c) Pondicherry
(d) Musulipattanam.
Answer:
(d) Musulipattan

Question 7.
In which city the British established their first colony in India?
(a) Calcutta
(b) Madras
(c) Bombay
(d) Pondicherry
Answer:
(b) Madras

Question 8.
In which year railway was introduced in India?
(a) 1825
(b) 1850
(c) 1852
(d) 1853
Answer:
(d) 1853

Question 9.
At the time of the census starting who was the Viceroy of India?
(a) Lord Ripon
(b) Lord Curzon
(c) Lord Bentik
(d) Lord Canning
Answer:
(a) Lord Ripon

Question 10.
From which year census in India for ten years began?
(a) 1870
(b) 1853
(c) 1857
(d) 1881
Answer:
(d) 1881

Question 11.
What was the name of the fort built by the British at Calcutta?
(a) Fort George
(b) Fort William
(c) Fort St.George
(d) Fort Panjim
Answer:
(b) Fort William

Question 12.
Where Fort George was situated?
(a) Madras
(b) Calcutta
(c) Bombay
(d) Pondicherry
Answer:
(a) Madras

Question 13.
Name of the fort built by the British at Bombay?
(a) Fort William
(b) Fort Augustine
(c) Fort Panjim
(d) Fort George
Answer:
(d) Fort George

Question 14.
Name of the European settlement during the British period around the fort?
(a) George Town
(b) White Town
(c) Fort Town
(d) Black Town
Answer:
(b) White Town

Question 15.
For what factory, Calcutta was famous?
(a) cotton
(b) Leather
(c) Jute
(d) Iron
Answer:
(c) Jute

Question 16.
At first, where did the British establish Hill Station?
(a) Simia
(b) Mount Abu
(c) Kulu-Manali
(d) Darjeeling
Answer:
(a) Simia

Question 17.
In which year Simia Hill Station was established?
(a) 1816
(b) 1818
(c) 1835
(d) 1876
Answer:
(b) 1818

Question 18.
In which place of Sikkim, the British could establish a hill station?
(a) DarjeeLmg
(b) Sikkim
(c) Simia
(d) Manati
Answer:
(a) Darjeeling

Question 19.
Which British Governor-general built buildings for Government offices and his own residence at Calcutta?
(a) Lord Willim Bentïck
(b) Lord Clive
(c) Lord Wellesley
(d) Lord Hastings
Answer:
(c) Lord Wellesley

Question 20.
Where Victoria Memorial Hall situated in India?
(a) Madras
(b) Pune
(c) Delhi
(d) Calcutta
Answer:
(d) Calcutta

Question 21.
Victorial Memorial was established during which Viceroy time?
(a) LordRippon
(b) Lord Curzon
(c) Lord Canning
(d) Lord Willim Bentick
Answer:
(b) Lord Curzon

Question 22.
Where is St. Paul Cathedral Located?
(a) Bombay
(b) Madras
(c) Calcutta
(d) Goa
Answer:
(c) Calcutta

Question 23.
Which architecture of Bombay is built in the style of Big Ben of London?
(a) Writers Building
(b) Rajabai Tower
(c) Victorial Terminus
(d) Fort William
Answer:
(b) Rajabai Tower

Question 24.
In the Latin language which city is regarded as the ‘most famous city’ of India?
(a) Calcutta
(b) Madras
(c) Bombay
(d) Lahore
Answer:
(c) Bombay

Question 25.
Which architecture was built in order to welcome King George and Queen Mary?
(a) Mount Mary Church
(b) Fort St. George
(c) Gateway of India
(d) Victorial Terminus
Answer:
(c) Gateway of India

Question 26.
By whose direction, victoria was built?
(a) George Wettete
(b) F.W. Stevens
(c) William Forbes
(d) George Gilbert
Answer:
(b) F.W Stevens

Question 27.
Which building of Madras (Chennai) is a fine example of the neoclassical style of colonial architecture?
(a) Rippon building
(b) Thomas Mount Church
(c) Madras High Court
(d) Fort St. George
Answer:
(a) Rippon building

Question 28.
As per the letter of Queen Victoria which High Court of India was built?
(a) Bombay High Court
(b) Calcutta High Court
(c) Madras High Court
(d) Delhi High Court
Answer:
(c) Madras High Court

Question 29.
Who had told – ‘Odia is not an independent language’.
(a) R.L. Mitra
(b) R.C. Majumdar
(c) Kanti Chandra Bhattacharya
(d) Gouri Shankar Ray
Answer:
(c) Kanti Chandra Bhattacharya

Question 30.
In which year Ravenshaw College was established?
(a) 1803
(b) 1806
(c) 1867
(d) 1868
Answer:
(d) 1868

Question 31.
Who had established the printing press at Cuttack?
(a) Bichitrananda Das
(b) Gouri Shankar- Ray
(c) Fakir Mohan
(d) Gangadhar Meher
Answer:
(a) Bichitrananda Das

Question 32.
In which year printing press was established at Cuttack in Odisha?
(a) 1829
(b) 1866
(c) 1869
(d) 1876
Answer:
(b) 1866

Question 33.
Magazine ‘Utkal Dipika’ was published by the editorship of whom?
(a) Fakir Mohan
(b) Gangadhan Meher
(c) Bichitrananda Das
(d) Gouri Shankar Ray
Answer:
(d) Gouri Shankar Ray

Question 34.
Who introduced the Hindi language in Sambalpur?
(a) Lord Curzon
(b) Andrew Frezan
(c) Major Impey
(d) Dr. Hansan
Answer:
(b) Andrew Frezan

Question 35.
By whom ‘Sambalpur Hitaisini’ was edited?
(a) Brajamohan Pattnaik
(b) Gangadhar Meher
(c) Dharanidhar Mishra
(d) Nilamani Bidyaratna
Answer:
(d) Nilamani Bidyaratna

Question 36.
Who influenced Lord Curzon to visit Odisha?
(a) Gopabandhu Das
(b) Krushna Chandra Narayan Deo
(c) Madhusudan Das
(d) Gouri Shankar Ray
Answer:
(c) Madhusudan Das

Question 37.
Under whose leadership ‘Utkal Hitabadini Sabha’ was formed at Berhampur?
(a) Curzon
(b) Dr. Hansan
(c) Wiliam Mohanty
(d) Malati Devi
Answer:
(c) Wiliam Mohanty

Question 38.
In which year Rishley circular was published?
(a) 1902
(b) 1903
(c) 1904
(d) 1905
Answer:
(b) 1903

Question 39.
In which year Sambalpur detached from the central province and became a part of the Odisha Division?
(a) 1903
(b) 1904
(c) 1905
(d) 1906
Answer:
(c) 1905

Question 40.
In which year Utkal Union conference was formed?
(a) 1890
(b) 1899
(c) 1905
(d) 1903
Answer:
(d) 1903

Question 41.
Bihar Odisha province was created in
(a) 1910
(b) 1911
(c) 1912
(d) 1916
Answer:
(d) 1913

Question 42.
In which year the separate province was formed?
(a) 1932
(b) 1934
(c) 1935
(d) 1936
Answer:
(d) 1936

Question 43.
Who went from Odisha to raise the question of the formation of Odisha as a separate province in the first Round table Conference held at London in 1930?
(a) Baikunthanath Dey
(b) Krushna Chandra Narayan Deo
(c) Sri Ram Chandra Bhaja Deo
(d) Birakishore Dev
Answer:
(b) Krushna Chandra Narayan Deo

Question 44.
Which committee gave the final report to make Cuttack the capital of Odisha?
(a) Hubback Committee
(b) Philip-Duff Committee
(c) O’Donnell Committee
(d) Joint Parliamentary Committee
Answer:
(a) Hubback Committee

Question 45.
Who was the First Prime Minister of Odisha?
(a) Baikunthanath Dey
(b) Sri Ram Chandra Bhanja Deo
(c) Krusha Chandra Narayan
(d) Birakishore Dev
Answer:
(b) Sri Ram Chandra Bhanja Deo

Question 46.
Who was the first Governor of Odisha?
(a) Ravenshaw Saheb
(b) Barlo
(c) Austin Hubback
(d) Hansan
Answer:
(c) Austin Hubback

Question 47.
In which village was Madhu Babu born?
(a) kheras
(b) Salepur
(c) Padmapur
(d) Satyabhamapur
Answer:
(d) Satyabhamapur

Question 48.
In which year ‘Utkal Sabha’ was formed?
(a) 1878
(b) 1880
(c) 1885
(d) 1904
Answer:
(a) 1878

Question 49.
When the Utkal Union Conference (Utkal Sammilani) was formed?
(a) 1866
(b) 1885
(c) 1888
(d) 1903
Answer:
(d) 1903

Question 50.
Who had established the Utkal Tannery?
(a) Madhu Babu
(b) Gopabandhu Das
(c) Rama Devi
(d) Malati Devi
Answer:
(a) Madhu Babu

Question 51.
When was the ‘Odisha Tennery Bill’ introduced in Bihar-Odisha Legislative Council?
(a) 1900
(b) 1911
(c) 1912
(d) 1913
Answer:
(d) 1913

Question 52.
Who is known as the ‘Gem of Utkal’ (Utkal Mani)?
(a) Madhu babu
(b) Gopabandhu
(c) Krushna Chandra Dev
(d) Gouri Shankar
Answer:
(b) Gopabandhu

Question 53.
Who has established the Open Air Middle English School at Satyabadi?
(a) Madhu Babu
(b) Fakir Mohan
(c) Gopabndhu
(d) Rama Devi
Answer:
(c) Gopabndhu

Question 54.
Who was the founder of the newspaper ‘Samaj’?
(a) Gopabandhu Das
(b) Acharya Harihar
(c) Malati Devi
(d) Madhusiidan Das
Answer:
(a) Gopabandhu Das

Question 55.
who was the first President of the Utkal Pradesli Committee?
(a) Acharya Harihar
(b) Krupasindhu Mishra
(c) Gopabandhu Das
(d) Dr. Ekram Rasool
Answer:
(c) Gopabandhu Das

Question 56.
Who composed ‘Bandira Atmakatha’ (Poems of the Prison)?
(a) Radhanath Roy
(b) Madhusudan Das
(c) Gopabandhu Das
(d) Malati Devi
Answer:
(c) Gopabandhu Das

Question 57.
In which year the session of the Utkal Union Conference was held at Paralakhemundi?
(a) 1902
(b) 1903
(c) 1912
(d) 1914
Answer:
(d) 1914

Question 58.
The Bidyadharpur Rice Research Institute was introduced by whose effort?
(a) Gopabandhu
(b) Madhu Babu
(c) Krushna Chandra Gajapati
(d) Malati Devi
Answer:
(c) Krushna Chandra Gajapati

Question 59.
From Odisha who participated in the first Round Table Conference at London?
(a) Madhu Babu
(b) Krushna Chandra Gajpati
(c) Gopabandhu Das
(d) Rama Devi
Answer:
(b) Krushna Chandra Gajpati

Question 60.
Who was given the title ‘Meherbani-i-Dostan’?
(a) Krushna Chandra Gajpati
(b) Madhu Babu
(c) Fakir Mohan
(d) Gangadhar Meher
Answer:
(a) Krushna Chandra Gajpati

Question 61.
Who was the husband of Rama Devi?
(a) Gopabandhu Das
(b) Gopabandhu Choudhury
(c) Manmohan Chaudhury
(d) Bhagirathi Mohapatra
Answer:
(b) Gopabandhu Choudhury

Question 62.
In which Ashram of Jagatsinghpur did Rama Devi stay?
(a) Sevaghar
(b) Alakashram
(c) Anakhia Ashram
(d) Delanga Ashram
Answer:
(b) Alakashram

Question 63.
What is the name of the Ashram where Rama Devi stayed at Bari?
(a) Kujibar Ashram
(b) Alakashram
(c) Sebaghar
(d) Anakhia Ashram
Answer:
(c) Sebaghar

Question 64.
Name of the woman of Odisha who gets an award from Jamunalal Baj aj foundation?
(a) Rama Devi
(b) Malati Devi
(c) Sarala Devi
(d) Kokila Devi
Answer:
(a) Rama Devi

Question 65.
While reading at Banki School, Sarala Devi was inspired by her love for the motherland.
(a) Laxmi Bai
(b) Suka Dei
(c) Ahalya Bai
(d) Durga Vati
Answer:
(b) Suka Dei

Question 66.
What was the name of the husband of Sarala Devi?
(a) Bhagirathi Mohapatra
(b) Naba Krushna Choudhury
(c) Gopabandhu Das
(d) Gopabandhu Choudhury
Answer:
(a) Bhagirathi Mohapatra

Question 67.
What was the name of the center which was opened by the efforts of Sarala Devi to train Satyagrahis?
(a) Karma Mandir
(b) Udyog Mandir
(c) Jana Mandir
(d) Swaraj Mandir
Answer:
(b) Udyog Mandir

Question 68.
In which Ashram Malati Devi was staying?
(a) Alakashram
(b) Sebaghar
(c) Anakhia Ashram
(d) Nemalo Ashram
Answer:
(c) Anakhia Ashram

Question 69.
Name of the lady of Odisha who attended the Karachi Session of India National Congress.
(a) Kama Devi
(b) Malati Devi
(c) Kokila Devi
(d) Sarala Devi
Answer:
(b) Malati Devi

Question 70.
Who established‘Navajeevan Mandal’at Angul?
(a) Malati Devi
(b) Rama Devi
(c) Sarala Devi
(d) Kokila Devi
Answer:
(a) Malati Devi

Question 71.
Who edited a Magazine named ‘Krusaka’ (farmer)?
(a) Gopabandhu Das
(b) Gourishankar Ray
(c) Malati Devi
(d) Rama Devi
Answer:
(c) Malati Devi

Question 72.
With Mahatma Gandhi, Malati Devi traveled to which area to pacify the communal riot?
(a) Cuttak
(b) Surat
(c) Calcutta
(d) Noakhali
Answer:
(d) Noakhali

Question 73.
Which lady freedom fighter was inspired by Vinoba Babe and actively participated in Bhoodan Movement in Odisha?
(a) Kokila Devi
(b) Sarala Devi
(c) Malati Devi
(d) Rama Devi
Answer:
(c) Malati Devi

Question 74.
Name of the husband of Malati Devi.
(a) Gopabandu Das
(b) Nabakrushna Choudhury
(c) Bhagirathi Mohapatra
(d) Madhusudan Das
Answer:
(b) Nabakrushna Choudhury

Question 75.
By whose proposal, the ‘Constituent Assembly’ was formed?
(a) Risely Circular
(b) Cabinet Mission
(c) Crips
(d) O’Donnell Committee
Answer:
(b) Cabinet Mission

Question 76.
Where the meeting of the Constituent Assembly took place?
(a) Calcutta
(b) Madras
(c) Bombay
(d) Delhi
Answer:
(d) Delhi

Question 77.
Who was the first President of the Constituent Assembly?
(a) B. R. Ambedkar
(b) Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru
(c) Sachidananda Sinha
(d) Rajendra Prasad
Answer:
Sachidananda Sinha

Question 78.
Who is regarded as the founder of the Indian Constitution?
(a) Rajendra Prasad
(b) B. R. Ambedkar
(c) Mahatma Gandhi
(d) Jawaharlal Nehru
Answer:
(b) B. R. Ambedkar

Question 79.
When was the Constituent Assembly convened?
(a) 9 December 1946
(b) 27 December 1949
(c) 26 January 1950
(d) 9 March 1948
Answer:
(a) 9 December 1946

Question 80.
What was the desire of the Constituent Assembly?
(a) Establishment of Democracy
(b) Establishment of Diarchy
(c) Establishment of Monarchy
(d) Establishment of Nazism
Answer:
(a) Establishment of Democracy

Question 81.
What is the type of Indian Constitution?
(a) Unwriter
(b) Writer
(c) Flexible
(d) Rigid
Answer:
(b) Writer

Question 82.
In which country is found the largest written constitution of the World?
(a) America
(b) England
(c) Germany
(d) India
Answer:
(d) India

Question 83.
What is known as the Conscience of the Indian Constitution?
(a) Fundamental Rights
(b) Fundamental Duties
(c) Directive Principles
(d) Independent Judiciary
Answer:
(a) Fundamental Rights

Question 84.
The Right to Property became a Fundamental Right by which constitutional amendment?
(a) 42
(b) 43
(c) 44
(d) 62
Answer:
(a) 44

Question 85.
Before the amendment, which Article contained the Right to Property?
(a) 30
(b) 31
(c) 19
(d) 32
Answer:
(b) 31

Question 86.
What is the minimum age to cast vote in India?
(a) 18
(b) 21
(c) 14
(d) 19
Answer:
(a) 18

Question 87.
By constitutional amendment, fundamental duties have been inserted into the Indian Constitution.
(a) 42
(b) 44
(c) 47
(d) 48
Answer:
(a) 42

Question 88.
Which of the following is the highest fundamental law given to the country?
(a) High Court
(b) Lok Adalat
(c) Supreme Court
(d) Constitution
Answer:
(c) Supreme Court

Question 89.
Indian Constitution forms which type of Government?
(a) Presidential form
(b) Parliamentary form
(c) Judiciary form
(d) Legislative form
Answer:
(b) Parliamentary form

Question 90.
Indian Constitution provides which type of citizenship?
(a) Single citizenship
(b) Dual citizenship
(c) Multi citizenship
(d) No citizenship
Answer:
(a) Single citizenship

Fill in the Blanks.

Question 1.
___________ was a pre-colonial city.
Answer:
Lahore

Question 2.
The Dutch established their colony at ___________ in India.
Answer:
Muslipattnam

Question 3.
The French established their colony in India.
Answer:
Pondicharry

Question 4.
The English first established their colony in India at ___________.
Answer:
Madras

Question 5.
Among the Europeans in India ___________ were very clever.
Answer:
English

Question 6.
___________ was famous for an iron factory during colonial rule.
Answer:
Bhilai

Question 7.
From ___________ Viceroy, the census began in India.
Answer:
Lord Ripen

Question 8.
In the ‘White town’ ___________ lived.
Answer:
Europeans

Question 9.
In cities ___________ got entertainment through dance, song, tamsa, etc.
Answer:
common people

Question 10.
Viceroy ___________ first built a building at Calcutta for Governmental work.
Answer:
Lord Wellesley

Question 11.
Victoria Memorial was built in ___________.
Answer:
1906

Question 12.
At ___________ In Calcutta, High Court was built.
Answer:
Esplanade

Question 13.
By the guidance of ___________, the town hall of Bombay was built.
Answer:
Colonel Thomas Cooper

Question 14.
The clock at ___________ is built in the fashion of Big Ben of London.
Answer:
Rajabai Tower

Question 15.
The present name of Victoria Tenninus is ___________.
Answer:
Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus

Question 16.
In the year ___________ the Bombay University was constructed.
Answer:
1957

Question 17.
Eros Cinema Hall is located at ___________.
Answer:
Bombay

Question 18.
In the year ___________, the Bombay High Court started functioning.
Answer:
1862

Question 19.
Elphinstone College is situated at ___________.
Answer:
Bombay

Question 20.
___________ laid the foundation stone of the Ripon Building.
Answer:
Lord Minto

Question 21.
___________ Church has been declared a national shrine in 2006.
Answer:
St. Thomas Mount Church

Question 22.
The Madras Museum is situated at ___________.
Answer:
Egmore

Question 23.
Chepak Palace is located at ___________.
Answer:
Madras

Question 24.
The ___________ City of Pakistan was the Pre-colon Ial City.
Answer:
Lahore

Question 25.
In ___________ year began the census in India.
Answer:
1881

Question 26.
___________ Fort was built by the English at Madras.
Answer:
Fort St. George

Question 27.
___________was the first established hill station in India.
Answer:
Shimla

Question 28.
Viceroy ___________ had first shifted his residence from Delhi to Shimla during the summer.
Answer:
Lord Lawrence

Question 29.
Victorial Memorial is situated at ___________.
Answer:
Calcutta

Question 30.
The British occupied Odisha in ___________.
Answer:
1803

Question 31.
At Balasore, the Printing Press was established in ___________.
Answer:
1866

Question 32.
In ___________ year Madras Government declared Odia language to prevail in the Presidency.
Answer:
1890

Question 33.
___________ helped Nilamani Bidyaratna with the introduction of the Odia language in
Sambalpur.
Answer:
Gangadhar Meher

Question 34.
___________newspaper was published under the Patronage of Harihar Mardaraj.
Answer:
Prajabandhu

Question 35.
In ___________ year Utkal Sabha was formed at Cuttack.
Answer:
1882

Question 36.
Sir S. C. Bele was ___________ of Bengal.
Answer:
Prajabandhu

Question 37.
Sir Andrew Frazer was ___________ of Central Province.
Answer:
Chief Commission

Question 38.
In ___________ year Sambalpur was separated from Central Province.
Answer:
1905

Question 39.
A.C. Duff was a member of ___________.
Answer:
Philip Duff Committee

Question 40.
Hubback Committee was formed in ___________.
Answer:
1933

Question 41.
Committee gave a proposal for the creation of the Odisha High Court.
Answer:
Hubback Committee

Question 42.
___________ took oath as the first Governor of Odisha.
Answer:
Sir John Austin Hubback

Question 43.
Lord Linlithgo was the Chairman of ___________.
Ans.
Joint Parliamentary Committee

Question 44.
Madhusudan Das died in ___________.
Answer:
1934

Question 45.
___________ told that teaching should be imparted in Bengalee in Odisha Schools.
Answer:
Umacharan Haidar

Question 46.
___________ editorship Utkal Dipika was published.
Answer:
Gourishankar Ray

Question 47.
From ___________ place, the two newspapers named ‘Sambad Bahika’ and ‘Utkal Darsan’ were published.
Answer:
Balasore

Question 48.
___________ was the editor of ‘Sambalpur Hiteisini’.
Answer:
Nilamani Bidyaratna

Question 49.
___________ was the ruling region of Krushna Chandra Narayan Deo.
Answer:
Paralakhemundi

Question 50.
In ___________ year Simon Commission visited India.
Answer:
1928

Question 51.
__________ has been given the title the ‘Pride of Utkal’ (Utkal Gouraba).
Answer:
Madhusudan Das

Question 52.
___________is known as the ‘Grand old Man’ of Odisha.
Answer:
Madhu Babu

Question 53.
___________was elected as a member of Odisha and Chhotanagpur Municipality.
Answer:
Madhu Babu

Question 54.
___________had argued for the franchise of Odia women.
Answer:
Madhu Babu

Question 55.
___________had tried for the progress of filigree work at Cuttack.
Answer:
Madhu Babu.

Question 56.
Gopabandhu died in ___________.
Answer:
1928

Question 57.
___________ had started the Gandhian (Congress) movement in Odisha,
Answer:
Gopabandhu Das

Question 58.
___________ is the founder of the newspaper ‘Samaj’.
Answer:
Gopabandhu Das

Question 59.
___________had participated in the First Round Table Conference.
Answer:
Krushna Chandra Gajapati

Question 60.
Alakashrama was established on the river bank of ___________.
Answer:
Alaska

Question 61.
___________Committee had finalized the administrative function and territorial arrangement of Odisha Province.
Answer:
Hubback Committee

Question 62.
Rama Devi Participated in the Salt Satyagraha at ___________ of the Balasore District.
Answer:
Inchudi

Question 63.
___________had pacified the student agitation at Ravenshaw College in 1964.
Answer:
1964

Question 64.
In the Salt Satyagraha in Ganjam, Women freedom fighters ___________played a vital role.
Answer:
Sarala Devi

Question 65.
___________ translated the book ‘History of Indian National Congress’ into Odia language.
Answer:
Sarala Devi

Question 66.
___________was the husband of Malati Choudhury.
Answer:
Nabakrushna Choudhury

Question 67.
___________had established Baji Rout Hostel at Angul.
Answer:
Malati Devi

Question 68.
___________had donated all her ornaments to the ‘Utkal Congress Socialist Workers Association’.
Answer:
Malati Devi

Question 69.
___________had played a vital role in the Garjat Movement.
Answer:
Malati Devi

Question 70.
Madhu Babu had accepted ___________religion.
Answer:
Christianity

Question 71.
In ___________village of Puri District Gopabandhu Das was born.
Answer:
Suando

Question 72.
After India became independent, in ___________ movement did Rama Devi join.
Answer:
Bhoodan Movement

Question 73.
In 1921, ___________session of the Indian Congress was attended by Sarala Devi.
Answer:
Nagpur

Question 74.
___________Magazine was edited by Malati Devi.
Answer:
Krusaka

Question 75.
___________, Women Freedom Fighter of Odisha had denied receiving the ‘ Jaimmalal Bajaj Foundation’Award.
Answer:
Malati Devi

Question 76.
The Magazine titled ‘Satyabadi’ was published at ___________.
Answer:
Sarshigopal

Question 77.
The present name of Victoria High School is ___________.
Answer:
Bhakta Madhu Vidyapitha

Question 78.
For restoring communal harmony, ___________ traveled with Mahatma Gandhi in the Noakhali area of Bengal.
Answer:
Malati Devi

Question 79.
___________was a member of the Odisha Provincial Council from 1937 to 1944.
Answer:
Sarala Devi

Question 80.
In the Prajamandal Movement of Odisha, ___________ played a vital role.
Answer:
Malati Devi

Question 81.
The Indian Constitution came into force from ___________.
Answer:
26 January 1950

Question 82.
___________was the Permanent Chairman of the Constituent Assem iy.
Answer:
Dr. Rajendra Prasad

Question 83.
___________is the father of Indian Constitution.
Answer:
B. R. Ambedkar

Question 84.
The Indian Constitution was adopted in ___________.
Answer:
26 November 1949

Question 85.
The idea of ___________ freedom struggle has been reflected in the Indian Constitution.
Answer:
American War of Independence

Question 86.
The idea of ___________revolution created an idea in forming the Indian Constitution.
Answer:
French Revolution

Question 87.
India is a Union of ___________.
Answer:
States

Question 88.
By ___________, the Supreme Court of India protects the interest of the Citizens.
Answer:
Writ

Question 89.
The Indian Constitution contains ___________ fundamental duties.
Answer:
10

Question 90.
The fundamental rights are the conscience of the Indian Constitution was told by ___________.
Answer:
Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru

Question 91.
The constitutional amendment procedure has been described in Article ___________.
Answer:
368

Question 92.
Article ___________ of the Indian Constitution empowers a citizen to profess and propagate religion as per one’s desire.
Answer:
Article 25

Question 93.
The Indian Judiciary works on ___________.
Answer:
Integrated Judicial System

Question 94.
___________was the advisor of the Constitutional Drafting Committee.
Answer:
B.N. Rao

Question 95.
___________ is the objective of the constitution.
Answer:
Preamble

Question 96.
___________one is called as the ‘Lawyers Paradise’.
Answer:
Indian Constitution

Question 97.
___________ Indian first thought about the Constituent Assembly.
Answer:
Manabendra Roy

Question 98.
___________is regarded as the conscience of the Indian Constitution.
Answer:
Fundamental Rights

Question 99.
___________ Articles are there in the Indian Constitution.
Answer:
395

Question 100.
___________ schedules are there in the Indian Constitution
Answer:
10

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Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 12 History Solutions Unit 2 Religious Movements of Sixth Century BC Long Answer Questions.

CHSE Odisha 12th Class History Unit 2 Religious Movements of Sixth Century BC Long Answer Questions

Long Questions With Answers

Question 1.
Give an analysis regarding the rise of Jainism and the life of Mahavira Jina.
Answer:
Mahavira Jina preached Jainism in the 6th century B.C. But long before his time, there was a desire among the wise men of India to search for real spiritual values. According to the belief of the Jainas, as many as 23 Tirthankaras, or religious prophets were bom in India before Mahavira Jina. Mahavira was the 24 and the last Tirthankara. He is regarded as the founder of historical Jainism.

The history of the early Tirthankaras is unknown the 23rd Tirthankara, Parsvantha is said to have lived 250 years before Mahavira. He was born in the Kshatriya princely family of kasha. At the age of 30, he became a sannyasi in search of Truth. At last, be got the supreme knowledge. He preached four vows for men, namely to practice non-violence, to speak truth not to steal, and not to possess properly. Many years after Maranatha, the last of the Tirthankaras were born.

Mahavira Jina his life :
There was a kingdom named Videha in ancient India. Its capital was Vaisali. Near that city, there was a village named Kundagrama. A Kshatriya clan called jnantrika lived there. The ruler of that clan was Siddhartha. His wife’s name was Trishala. She was the sister of the ruler of Vaisali. A son was born to Siddhartha and Trishala and was named Vardhamana.

In the future, he became famous as Mahavira Jina. The year of the birth of Vardhamana is not definitely known. According to some sources, he was bom in 618 B.C. and lived for 72 years. Accordingly, to some other sources, he was born in 540 B.C. and died in 468 B.C. after a life of 72 years. Many historians have accepted this latter view.

Vardhamana was a contemporary of Goutam Buddha. Born in an aristocratic family, Vardhamana began a life of worldly pleasures. He got married in time. The name of his wife was Yoshida. A daughter was also bom to him. But as he advanced in years. Vardhamana gradually lost attraction toward worldly life. At last, at the age of 30, he left his name and family as a Sannyasi in search of Truth.

For long twelve years thereafter Vardhamana traveled as a homeless wanderer. He practiced hard penance and put his body in extreme pain. He did not care for the heat of the summer or the cold of the winter. He lived without food or water for a long time. He moved from place to place without putting any clothes on his body which people attached to him at many places.

But like a hero, he suffered pain or punishment without signs of sorrow. Suffering the hardship of nature and cruelty from human hands, he continued his meditations to reach the Truth. At last, in the thirteenth year of his wandering life as a monk, he got the supreme knowledge of the Kevala Jnana. At that moment of bliss, Vardhamana became the Mahavira, or the Great hero, and the Jina, or the conqueror.

From that time when he was 42 years in his age, Mahavira Jina began to preach his doctrines. His preaching continued for long 30 years till his death. He went from place to place and attracted countless people wherever he went. He visited Mithila, Sravasti Champa, Vaisali, Rajagriha, and several other places.

It is known from the Jaina sources that he came as for as Kalinga and preached his doctrines from the Kumari Hill (the Udayagiri Hill near Bhubaneswar) to the people of Odisha. Everywhere, the common people as well as the kings listened to him. He was venerated, as a great prophet. Mahavira Jina died at the age of 72 at a place named Pava near Rajagriha. The followers of Mahavira Jina came to be known as the Jain as. The religion which he preached became famous as Jainism.

Question 2.
Five is an analysis of the essence of Jainism and its impact on life.
Answer:
Parsvanatha, who preached before Mahavira had given four principles for a pure life. Those were non-violence, truth, non-stealing, and non-possession. Mahavira Jina added another principle namely brahmacharya or celibacy. According to him, these five qualities were necessary for leading a life toward perfection and crossing the stream of existence. Mahavira gave up all attachments to worldly things. He even gave up the use of clothes.

Tri-Ratna :
Jina asked his disciples to follow three conditions for a nobler life. Those were Right Faith, Right Knowledge, and Right Action. These conditions are known as the Tri- Ratna or the Three Jewels. In Jainism, man is required to regulate his life under those conditions. It was through faith, knowledge, and action that man could realize his own soul. In the Jaina faith, the perfection of the soul was regarded as the real purpose of life. There was no need to worship God or Gods or to offer prayers or sacrifices. A pure soul could surely reach salvation without such things.

Karma and Rebirth :
In Jainism faith in the theory of karma and rebirth was absolute. Man has to work in order to live. His soul, therefore, is engaged in various works. But a man should also know the difference between good and work. Because he has to face the results of his work. If one does good work in life, the results will be good.

If one does evil work, bad results will follow. The results of the action or the karma are inevitable. No one can escape karma. Because it is the eternal law of existence. It is this karma that results in rebirth. Birth and rebirth are like an unending cycle. Man is bom again only to suffer for the sins of the previous life.

Jainism showed the path to escape from the cycle of rebirth. By Right Faith, the right knowledge, and the Right Action that man can avoid the sins of life by escaping sins, one can escape the pain of rebirth. By giving up attachment to worldly things, one can escape the sins of greed.

Last and possession:
According to the Yains, no one can escape the results of sins by offering prayers to the gods. It is only by right conduct and action that one can do so.

Non-Violence :
Absolute faith in Ahimsa or non-violence received the highest place in Jainism. The life of every living being was regarded as sacred. The smallest of the small creatures also possessed life as did the human being. It was therefore a supreme sin that man should destroy the lives of other creatures as the man himself does not want to be injured or killed, so also no creature would like to be injured or killed. According to Jainism, it was the duty of man to protect and preserve the life of every living creature.

To Mahavira Jina, the practice of Ahimsa was like the highest duty of every man. Jainism carried non-violence to its extreme extent. The Jainas did not cook food after an evening in fear that even the smallest of the insects might fall into the fare. No other religion paid so much respect to live beings as Jainism. Kindness towards all kinds of life was a cardinal feature of Jainism.

Salvation :
Mahavira Jina taught his disciples to realize the absolute Truth of existence. Man is mortal. His physical body is unreality. Worldly attractions are meaning less. Karma or action leads to sins when a man is attached to worldly pleasures. It is for the sins that there is rebirth in an endless cycle. Unless one attempts to escape the rebirth, there will be no end to his sufferings.

Jina showed the path for man to escape rebirth. In order to realize that the Atma or the soul is real while the body is unreal, Jina advised to give up all attachment to the body. By putting the body in pain, showing no desire for anything, by giving up all possessions, and even inviting death by starvation a man can prove that he has no desire for worldly existence. It is by such detachment that man can finally realize the Real Knowledge or the kevalin. By destroying karma.

He can Liberate his soul and escape rebirth. The liberated soul can at last reach the eternal abode of peace or the Siddha Sila. That is the salvation or Kaivalya. There will be no rebirth and no return to sufferings on earth once the salvations was reached. In Jainism, the supreme goal of life was salvation.

Reformism :
Jainism rose as a new religion. Side by side, it challenged many existing evils of the Brahmanic faith. Mahavira Jina was one of the greatest reformers of ancient India. He raised his voice against many social and religious systems of his time. In an age when religion mainly meant the worship of many deities practice of meaningless ceremonies and the sacrifice of animals, Jina drew the attention of man towards higher spiritual goals.

According to him sins of life cannot be washed away by worship or prayers. Man can avoid sins by virtuous conduct. By denying worship and prayers. Jina gave a blow to the supremacy of the priestly class. The Jain did not believe in the Vedas. They denounced blind beliefs and superstitions.

White preaching the value of non-violence, condemned the practice of animal sacrifice. Jainism believed in human equality. As such the Jainas, criticized the caste system. The rise and spread of Jainism resulted in a new socio-religious consciousness among the people. Its impact on Indian Society and culture became deep and wide.

Question 3.
Analyze the teachings of Gautama Buddha.
Answer:
The religion of Gautama Buddha is famous as Buddhism. The teachings of Buddha were simple. They were meant both for the masses as well as for the most learned and the wise. Buddha did not lay emphasis on the Fatherhood of God. His emphasis was on the brotherhood of men. He did not preach dogmas. He preached ethics.

Four Noble Truths or Arya Satya:
Buddha got his enlightenment with the knowledge of four things. They were life is suffering due to desire, suffering ends with the end of desires, desires end with Nobel thoughts and actions. Buddhism developed its philosophy on these truths. To Buddha, the material existence of everything is momentary.

The world is full of sorrows. Life is unreal sorrows, sickness, old age, and death are inevitable. It is necessary to escape all suffering. He searched for means to escape worldly sufferings. He discovered the causes of suffering. Most causes were man’s desires. He wanted the destruction of worldly desires. For that purpose, he discovered the “Noble Eightfold path”.

Noble Eightfold path :
Buddha saw haw life rested on hopes and desires. He also knew how hopes and desires were the root causes of sorrows and suffering. He discovered the path to come out of those miseries. That path is famous as the Noble Eightfold path. They were Right view, Right Aspiration, Right Speech, Right Conduct, Right Livelihood, Right Effort, and Right.

Mindfulness and Right contemplation. This Noble Eightfold path is also called the ‘Middle path’ Buddha knew that it was impossible and undesirable for all men to renowned the world and become Sannyasis. At the same time, he wanted that men should not to be too attached to worldly affairs and pleasures.

Therefore, he gave a code of conduct that was possible for a man to follow. Between a Sannyasi and an extremely worldly man, Buddha’s code of conduct was like the middle path. One could remain in the world without being worldly. The Noble Eightfold path was meant for that kind of life.

The Karma :
The desires lead men to karma. Bad desires lead to views. Man cannot escape the results of his karma. There is no escape even in death. After death, life will again take a new shape to suffer the karma of the last life. Transmigration of the soul will continue. Thus, kama leads to the cycle of many births. To the same world of sorrows and sufferings, life returns again and again. To Buddha, it was essential to put an end to such eternal suffering. He discovered the path at last. It was the Nirvana.

Nirvana :
The Nirav was considered the supreme goal of life. It was an escape forever, the extinction. It was possible to attain Nirvana by putting an end to the desire for life, for the world for birth, and for existence. When all desires and all cavings are extinguished are for all life enters into a state of eternal peace. When it leaves the body, it does not take a re-birth.

In Buddhist philosophy, the idea of Nirvana had a deep root. In order to achieve that Nirvana a Buddhist was required to regulate his entire conduct. The conduct of Nirvana was moral conduct. A man should give up violence, killing of animals, falsehood, luxury, stealing desire for wealth, and many such immoral acts. Thereafter he should try for Samadhi or mediation and try to attain prajna or insight.

Finally, he should aspire for enlightenment and salvation, that is, Nirvana. In substance, salvation was possible through moral and ethical practices. With salvation, there was to be neither thirst nor desire, neither sorrow nor decay, and above all, neither life nor death. While Buddhism emphasized such faiths, it also stood to reform the existing Indian religion and society. Buddha was, in fact, the greatest reformer in Indian history.

Question 4.
Emphasize the impact of Jainism and Buddhism on Indian Society.
Answer:
At a time when the early Vedic society was on its path toward degeneration. Jainism and Buddhism appeared to halt that process. The caste system and inequality of men were denounced. Society fought for the values of equality. The people were advised to develop the ethics of kindness towards all men.

By opening the doors to the lower casts to come to their fold. Jainism and Buddhism created a new hope for them for their honorable social existence. The higher castes were brought under a spirit of liberation. Jainism and Buddhism taught the people to practice non-violence towards each and all.

Both religions presented to men new codes of moral conduct. People were advised to lead a better and purer life. Higher spiritual goals were put before all men. In brief, Jainism and Buddhism created a new awareness in Indian Society for change for good.

Impact of Jainism and Buddhism on Literate:
The rise of Jainism and Buddhism opened the path for great literacy activities in ancient India. Mahavira Jina and Gautama Buddha were great prophets of the ancient world. Enough of literature, therefore, grew up around those two remarkable personalities. Their teaching was of unique value. Enormous literature, therefore, came up around their doctrines and sayings.

The most important of the Jaina literature were Anga, Upanga, and the mula sutra. The Buddhist religious literature became famous as the Tripitaka. In course of time, many philosophers and thinkers were born to enrich the Jaina and Buddhist literature. Knowledge of ancient history, philosophy, science astronomy, and various other subjects found a place in that religious literature. The literature of both those religions became the storehouse of ancient knowledge.

Influence on Architecture Art and Sculpture :
Both Jainism and Buddhism greatly enriched the art and architecture of India. Numberless religious shrines, monuments, monasteries, viharas, and stupas were constructed for religious purposes. The caves of Khandagiri – Udayahgiri in Odisha the temples of Elora, Junagarh, and mount Abu in Rajasthan are some of the examples of Jaina architecture that have survived till today.

They contain fine specimens of Jaina art and Sculpture. Examples of architecture are seen at Bodh Gaya, Sarnath, Sanchi, Barhat, Amaravati, and Ratnagiri. Countless Buddhist monuments have perished in course of time. The gigantic architectural works of the Kushan period are no more.

The descriptions of many works of architecture are seen in Buddhist literature but most of them have disappeared from the surface of the earth. Some examples of the cave architecture of the Buddhists are to be found today in Nagarjuna and Barabar hills. The finest examples of Buddhist sculpture are to be seen on the gateway and railings of the Sanchi Stupa.

The Buddhist stone pillars, as to be seen in some places, were works of fine sculpture. When the Mahayana form of Buddhism began to spread, the images of Buddha were required all over the country. Some of those images represent the excellence of the Indian art of sculpture. Jainism and Buddhism also encouraged the art of painting.

The Jaina painters made wonderful contributions to Indian art. Unfortunately, most of them perished due to the ravages of time. The Buddhists too developed the art of painting towards perfection. The world-famous paintings of the Ajanta Caves were the work of Buddhist painters. In brief, Jainism and Buddhism made immense contributions to Indian civilization during their key day.

In every sphere of culture, those two religions marked their impact deeply. Though Buddhism disappeared as a religion from India in course of time yet Buddha and his teachings found a permanent place in Indian thought. No historic figure has been worshipped as God as the Buddha in India. That proves the depth of the Buddhist impact on Indian history. Jainism thrives on the soil of this land as one of India’s great religions.

Question 5.
Kalinga war and its impact on the life of Ashoka live a description?
Answer:
In the 12th year of his reign and the 8th year of his coronation, Ashoka invaded Kalinga. It was in 261 B.C. Ashoka’s Kalinga war was the greatest political event of his rule and one of the greatest events of all history. From very ancient times Kalinga was a famous state. Its power rested on internal prosperity and maritime activities.

Modern Odisha roughly covers the territories of ancient Kalinga. When Chandragupta Maurya was conquering far and wide to unite India, Kalinga was seen as independent and strong. The Greek Ambassador Megasthenes who lived at Pataliputra at that time indirectly referred to the power of Kalinga.

It was surprising that the Maurya army which conquered lands from Hindukush to the Ganges and the Himalayas to Mysore did not try to conquer a nearer country like Kalinga. The next Maurya Emperor, Bindusara, was also a powerful ruler. But he too did not venture a war with Kalinga. It was left for the third Maurya, Ashoka, to conquer that unconquered country.

Unfortunately, nothing is known regarding the ruler or rulers who ruled Kalinga at that time. It is also not the republic of the ancient model. Only this, much is known that the people of Kalinga offered a relentless resistance to the invader. They fought for their freedom. The army of Ashoka was no doubt big From the Greek accounts it is known that Chandragupta Mourya maintained an army of 6 lakhs.

It is probable that by the time of Ashoka the army was still bigger. In any case, Ashoka invaded Kalinga with the resources and military strength of the Indian empire. The people of Kalinga fought, but at length, they lost. How desperate was the battle, how bitterly was it fought, and how terrible were the results, are known from Ashoka’s own descriptions? This is what he wrote about the Kalinga war in his Thirteenth Rock Edict.

“The country of Kalinga was conquered when king Priyadarsine, beloved of the Gods, had been anointed eight years. One hundred and fifty thousand therefore captured, one hundred were thousand were there slain, and many times as many died”. These were losses on Kalinga’s side.

On Ashoka’s side too, many many thousands died in the battle. It was indeed a horrible war. Examples are rare in ancient history when so many people died in a single contest. It is, however, not the war that became unique but the result of the war which brought about a turning point in history.

The change of Ashoka :
The Kalinga war was Ashoka’s first and last war. He did not fight, therefore. He made no more conquests. The horrors of war evolved a storm in his mind. His heart was moved to see the misery of men. There was pain and remorse. And, there came a complete change. It was as if the conquered Kalinga conquered her conqueror.

The change which came in Ashoka has been described thus: “Therefore, now when the country of Kalinga has been acquired the beloved of the Gods has Zeahous compliance with Dhamma love of Dhamma and teaching of Dhamma, is the remorse of the beloved of the Gods on having conquered Kalinga.

Verily the slaughter, death, and captivity of the people, that occurs, when an unconquered country is being conquered, is looked upon as extremely, painful and regrettable by the Beloved of the Gods. Even one hundredth or one-thousandth part of those who are stain died, or were captured in Kalinga is today considered regrettable by the Beloved of the Gods.

The Beloved of the Gods desires for all beings non-injury, self-control, equable conduct, and gentleness”. The change that the Kalinga war brought to him led Ashoka to become a Buddhist. He gave up violence once and for all and became a disciple of that Great Apostle of Non-violence, Gautama Buddha.

It was the conquest of heart that he thereafter aimed at. Because the conquest by the sword was no real conquest. The conversion of Chand Ashoka into Dharmashoka is considered as an epoch-making event in world history. His new role made him the greatest monarch of mankind.

Question 6.
Evaluate the kind, Ashoka, as a missionary and his promotion towards the upliftment of Buddhism.
Answer:
Monarchs of men are known for political activities. Only a very few of them had a religious mission to perform. Among those few Ashoka was the foremost. No monarch was able to do for any religion what Ashoka did for Buddhism. The role of Ashoka as a missionary was manifold. He preached Buddhism as a code of ethics.

He wanted his moral elevation of his. subjects, of the officers of the state, and of the people of neighboring countries. In fact, it was a spiritual mission for the benefit of mankind. He adopted the following means for the propagation of the Dharma or the eternal law.

Dharma, yatra:
The Emporer decided to travel to various corners of his country to propagate Dharma. In the past, the kings used to go out on Vihara-yatra or pleasure tours. Those were meant for hunting, games, and spots. But Ashoka gave up Vihar-Yatra. Instead, he took up Dharma-Yatra. That is to say, Ashoka became a moving missionary himself. He went to such places as Bodhgaya where Buddha got enlightenment and the Lumbini Garden where Buddha was born.

He traveled with Buddhist bhikshus, met people everywhere, came into close contact with them, and personally taught them the rules of Dharma. Two results came out of his Dharma-Yatra. First, the Buddhist places that Ashoka visited received special veneration from the people. Secondly, the religious discourages of the emperor drew countless men towards Buddhism.

Dharma-Stambhas:
Ashoka erected Dharma Stambhas at different places in his for-flung empire to draw the pillars. The noble principle of conduct and ethics were inscribed on the pillars. Those writings were the Dharma-lipids, containing valuable thoughts about Dharma. They were meant to be preserved on imperishable stone for generations of men to see and follow. No ordinary missionary could have erected that costly pillar. It was a royal missionary like Asoka who could do it. And the stamp has a permanent value.

Dharma Mahamatras:
For the propagation and promotion of Dharma Ashoka appointed a set of officers named as Dharma Mahamatras. They were to work for the material and spiritual benefit of men. In the vast empire of Ashoka there lived people of many sects and many faiths. Ashoka wanted that they should all live together happily as well as practice their faith rightly.

Dharma Mahamatras were required to regulate cordial relations among various sets and to keep them on the right path. They were also to work on charity and philanthropy. The work of those officers roused a religious and spiritual awakening in the minds of men.

Dharma-Shravana :
Asoka wanted that people should hear the meaning of Dharma. He, therefore, ordered the officers of the state such as Rajukas, pradesikas, and Yuktas to go out four every five years to preach religious doctrines among the people. Such doctrines were the rules of this and morality for a higher and better life. When the high officers of the Government taught Dharma, people in large numbers became attracted to it. Thus, Ashoka was not only a missionary himself, but they made the officers missionaries as well.

Dharma-Ghosa:
Inside Ashoka’s empire, there were many turbulent tribes who lived in a dense dangerous forest. On the outskirts of his empire, there also lived such people. Besides, outside the immediate frontiers of the Maurya empire, there were hostile people all around. Previous monarchs terrified such people inside and outside by the Bherighosha.

It was the “Reverberation of the war Durm”. In other words, it was the conquest by force of arms. Ashok gave up that traditional mode of conquest. Instead, he wanted to conquer them by Dharma Ghost. It was the Reverberation of Dharma or law. In other words, it was a conquest by force of love non¬violence, peace, and morality.

Buddhist monks were sent to preach among the different people to bring them to the path of law. Ashoka announced a policy of peace toward all. He called Upon the dwellers of forests and others not to fear any show of force from him. Instead, he advised them to come nearer to Dharma Ashok, dharma Ghosa, no doubt, was a markable missionary of eating.

Dharma -Vijaya:
Finally, Ashoka thought of a much more ambitious mission. It was a tradition with powerful monarchs to think of conquests. It could be the conquest of far-away countries across continents. Ashoka gave up such ideas. Instead, he thought of the widest conquest through Dharma. Accordingly, he sent names mentioned in his rock inscriptions.

They were kinged Antiochos Theos of Syria, Ptolemy philosophes of Egypt, Antigonos Gonatas of Macedonia, mages of Cyrene, and Alexandar of Epirus – Ashoka’s Spiritual mission in the Greek world, in Egypt and Syria bore inevitable results. The first lessons of Buddhism made an entry into western Asia and beyond.

In the south, the conquest was more definite. In this regard, the emperor showed a remarkable personal example of sacrifice for a cause. He sent his own son Mahendra to Ceylon to preach Buddhism there. And, Mahendra was preceded as a Buddhism Bhikshu, not as the son of the richest emperor of the world. In those days, the sea routes were unsafe.

The ships were small Ceylon sent his son to that distant, dangerous, and unknown place. Next, he sent his daughter Sanghamitra to Ceylon with a branch of the Bodhi tree. Sanghamitra went as a Bhikshuni and stayed there for many years till her death. The people of Ceylon embraced Buddhism because of her discussion efforts.

It was a supreme achievement of Ashok as a missionary to have converted the people of an entire country outside India to the religion of Buddha. The people of Srilanka, that is Ceylon, are Buddhists fill today. Ashoka also sent missionaries to Suvamabhumi or Burma. Among them were Sona and Uttar whose names have survived till now.

Through Burma, Buddhism made its way to Southeast Asian countries which in course of time became Buddhist. Ashoka was praised for his Dharma Vijaya outside. He proclaimed in his rock Edict. “But this conquest is considered to be the chiefest by the Beloved of the Gods, which is conquest through Dharma. And that again has been achieved by the Beloved of the Gods here and in his bordering dominions, even as far as six hundred Yojanas”.

The missionary emperor was also confident that the influence of the dharma would spread beyond his neighboring countries. Therefore, he said, “Even where the envoys of the Beloved of the Gods do not go, they, having heard the utterances of Dharma the ordinances, and the teaching of Dharma by the beloved of the Gods practice Dhamma and will such practice.”

Such were the achievements of Ashoka a missionary. In this zeal for the propagation of religion, both inside his empire and outside, Ashoka is without a rival, or a parallel, among the monarchs of men.

Question 7.
Give an account of the Mauryan Administration and its impact on society.
Answer:
Literacy sources such as the Indika and the Arthasastra and the various rock and pillar edicts of Ashoka give us a detailed account of the Mauryan administration. The administration can be studied under far heads of central provincial, district and village. The capital city of Pataliputra was administered separately.

Central:
The king was the supreme authority. He took all important decisions concerning the empire. He was assisted by a council of ministers Mantri Parishad. The various branches of the administration were under officials called ‘Amatyas”.

Provincial :
The empire was divided into provinces. Each province was headed by a prince. He ruled the province as a representative of the king. He was assisted by many officials.

District:
Each province was divided into a number of districts. The ‘Pradeshta’ was the head of the district. He was assisted by Junior officials such as ‘Yaktas’ and ‘Rajkas’. Their functions included the survey and assessment of land, collection of revenue, and maintenance of law and order.

Village :
Each district consisted of many villages. Villages assisted government officials in marking the boundaries of the village, maintaining land records, and collecting taxes.

City of Pataliputra :
Pataliputra was the capital of the empire. It was also a most around the city to protect it from enemy attacks. A committee of 30 members looked after the city. This committee of 30 members looked after the city. This committee was divided into six boards, each consisting of five members. Each board looked after a specific department, such as the comforts and security of foreigners, registration of births and deaths, industry and trade and commerce, an inspection of manufactured goods, and collection of taxes.

Army :
The Mauryans had a large army which included infantry, cavalry, elephants, chariots, and a navy. Senapati was the head of the army. The army was equipped with bows, arrows, swords, armor shields, etc. The army defended the kingdom from enemy attacks. The officers and soldiers were well-trained and regularly paid.

Spy system :
The Mauryan kings maintained an efficient spy system. They informed the kind about the development within the kingdom and outside.

Question 8.
Write a note on the Development of Literature and science during the Gupta period.
Answer:
The Gupta age was an age of high culture and many scientific achievements.
Literature :
The Gupta kings were great patrons of Sanskrit Literature. Some of the finest poetry and dramas in Sanskrit were written during his time. Kalidasa lived during the reign of Chandragupta II. It is famous works include Meghaduta, Raghavamsha, Ritusamhara, Kumara Sambhava, and the famous play, Abhijnana Shankuntalam.

There were other great writers too. Sukruta wrote Mrich Chhakatika. Vishakhadutta authored. Mudrakshasa and Devichandra Gupta – Panini’s Ashtadhyagi was an excellent work in Sanskrit Grammar. Another popular work today, the Panchatantra was also written during the Gupta period.

Science :
All branches of science made rapid progress during this period. The science of mathematics, astronomy, metallurgy, and medicine was very advanced.

Astronomy :
Two well-known mathematicians and astronomers of the time were Aryabhata and Varahamihira. Aryabhata said that the earth moves around the sun and at the same time moves on its own axis. His theory was not believed at that time. However, now he knows that it is true. He wrote Aryabhatiyam, in which he gave solutions to many mathematical problems. Varahmihira was another leading scientist. He wrote Brihat Samhita which is an encyclopedia of science.

Mathematics :
The numeral system was also very advanced. The Arabic numbers were first used by the Indians. This system was later adopted by the Arabs and then by the Europeans. Indian mathematicians knew the use of the zero. They used the decimal system extensively.

Metallurgy :
Metallurgy was also very advanced. This is clear from the iron pillar at Mehrauli, in Delhi, built in the fourth century. As it has remained exposed to sun and rain for over to centuries. However, the dust has formed over it. The gold coins of the Guptas were also excellently designed.

Medicine :
In the field of medicine too, there was great progress. Doctors attended to patients in the many hospitals which were built during the Gupta period. Many books on medicine were written. Dhanvantari was the greatest physician of this time. Veterinary science also developed.
The Gupta age is still remembered for its achievements in the field of literature and science.

Question 9.
Why Gupta Age is known as the classical Age in Sanskrit literature.
Answer:
The Sanskrit Language was patronized during the Gupta period. It was recognized as the court language and was used in their inscriptions. Gradually it became the lingua franca of India. Even Buddhist scholars began writing their scriptures in Sanskrit. The Jain writers too, who had been writing in Pali and Prakrit, switched over the Sanskrit which gradually became the literary language of northern India. Great poets, dramatists, grammarians, and playwrights lived in the period. Some of the well-known scholars who flourished during the period are mentioned below.

Kalidasa :
He was the greatest Sanskrit poet and playwright of this age. Meghaduta, Ritu Sambhar, Kumar Sambhava, Raghu-vans, Shakuntala, Abhijnana Shakuntalam, Vikramorvashi & Malavikagnimitram were his important contribution to Sanskrit literature.

Vishakhadutta :
He was a great poet & playwright of the Gupta period. His two great historical plays are Mudra-Rakshasa & Devi Chandragupta Mudra Rakshasa (seal of Rakshasa) was the story of how Chandragupta Maurya managed to get the throne of Magadha. Devi Chandra Gupta is a historical play dealing with the early life of Chandragupta II.

Sudhakar wrote the famous play Mrichhakatika which throws light on the social-cultural conditions of the Gupta period. Bhargavi wrote the great Kirataijuniya. This epic describes the battle between Arjuna & Lord Shiva disguised as Kirata. Dandin was a Versatile writer. His Das Kumar Charita (Tales of the ten princes) describes the adventures of ten princes.

These adventures give us information on the Sociocultural conditions of that period. Sudhanshu was a prose writer. In his famous work Vasavadatta, he narrates the story of the heroine Vasavadatta and prince Kandarpaketu.

Panchatantra :
It was during the Gupta period that the Panchatantra, a collection of tables was written. In these stories, animals and birds play the part of the king’s ministers and common men. These animal stories were a help in instructing children in moral values. The famous work Hitopadesa is based on Panchatantra. The Panchatantra has been translated into many languages.

The book is a treasure house of people’s feelings and emotions in human relations. The stories contain wisdom and common sense needed for daily living. During the Gupta period, Sanskrit grammar was systematically written by such grammarians as Panini and Patanjali. Thus it is rightly called the Gupta age as the classical Age is Sanskrit languages.

Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 12 History Solutions Unit 2 Religious Movements of Sixth Century BC Short Answer Questions.

CHSE Odisha 12th Class History Unit 2 Religious Movements of Sixth Century BC Short Answer Questions

Very Short-Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
When Mahavira preached the religion of Jainism and in total there were how many Tirthankaras in Jainism?
Answer:
In the 6th century B.C. Mahavira preached the religion of Jainism and in total one after another, there were twenty-four Tirthankaras in Jainism.

Question 2.
Who was the first Tirthankara and so also who was the last Tirthankara of Jainism?
Answer:
Rishavanath was the first Tirthankara was Jainism. The 24th or the last Tirthankara of Jainism was Mahavir Vardhaman.

Question 3.
Who was the just previous “Tirthankara” of Mahavira and how many years before Mahavira was he born?
Answer:
Parsvanath was the just previous Tirthankara of Mahavira. He had bom two hundred and fifty years before Mahavir.

Question 4.
The twenty-third Tirthankara Parsvanath convocated how many vows and what are they.
Answer:
The twenty-third Tirthankara Parasavanath convocated four vows. They are truth non-violence, non-stealing, and non-attachment.

Question 5.
Mahavir was born in the village of which kingdom?
Answer:
Mahavir was bom in the village kundagrama near to Vaisali of the kingdom of Videha.

Question 6.
What was the nickname of Mahavira and who were the parents of Mahavira?
Answer:
The nickname of Mahavira was Vardhaman. The name his father was Siddhartha he belongs to the Jnatrika clan and the name of his mother was Trisala.

Question 7.
For which purpose Mahavira left home and at first meet which saint?
Answer:
For the purpose of obtaining the truth, Mahavira left home. At first, he met the leader of the Aryavika tribe Gosala Mankhaliputra.

Question 8.
After the attainment of supreme knowledge in which designation. He was popular and after that in which work he engaged?
Answer:
After supreme knowledge, he was popular with the designation of “Kevalin”. After that knowledge, Mahavir lived the life of a wandering teacher and preached his doctrines.

Question 9.
Mahavira breathed his last at which age and where?
Answer:
Mahavira breathed his last at the age of 72 at a place called Pava in the Patna district of Bihar.

Question 10.
Which two dynasties mourned at the death of this great teacher Mahavira?
Answer:
The Lichachhavis and the Mallas mourned the death of this great teacher by burning lamps as a symbol of the Mahavira spirit.

Question 11.
What were the four principles of parsvanath and to which principle Mahavira added with it?
Answer:
The four principles of Parsvanath were truth, non-violence, non-stealing, and non-attachment. Mahavira added the principle of chastity observation as the fifth principle.

Question 12.
How many sets are in Jainism and what are they?
Answer:
There are two sets in Jainism. They are svetambara and digambara..

Question 13.
What is Triratna or the three-fold path of Jainism?
Answer:
The Triratna or threefold path in Jainism was right belief, right knowledge, and right conduct.

Question 14.
Mahavir advocated the doctrine of which philosophy in extreme form and he attributed life to which aspects?
Answer:
Mahavir advocated the doctrine of non-violence or Ahimsa in extreme form. He attributed life to plants, animals, metals, and water and urged non-injury to them.

Question 15.
What are the religious texts of Jainism?
Answer:
The religious texts of Jainism are Anga, Upanga, and Kalpa sutra.

Question 16.
In the 6th century B.C. which clan had established a republican state and who was the elected chief of it?
Answer:
In the 6th century B.C. the Sakya clan had established a republican state. The father of Gautama Buddha, Suddhodan was its elected chief.

Question 17.
When Gautama Buddha was born and where?
Answer:
Goutama Buddha was bom 566 B.C. at Lumbinivana in the Sakya country.

Question 18.
Who was the mother of Gautama Buddha and she died how many days after the birth of Gautama Buddha?
Answer:
The mother of Gautama Buddha was Maya Devi. She died Seven days after the birth of Gautama Buddha.

Question 19.
What was the justification for the name of Buddha as Gautama?
Answer:
After the death of Buddha’s mother, his rearing rested on his aunt Gautami. According to her name, the name of Buddha is Gautama.

Question 20.
At which age was Gautama married to whom?
Answer:
At the age of sixteen, Gautama married Yasodhara on Gopa, sister of Devadatta.

Question 21.
Which “four great signs” deeply affected the mind of Gautama?
Answer:
The four great signs which deeply affected the mind of Gautama were an old man, a cripple, a corpse, and an ascetic.

Question 22.
For which purpose Gautama Buddha renounced worldly life and in Buddhist scripture what is called this renunciation?
Answer:
In the search for truth, Gautama Buddha renounced worldly life Gautama is known in Buddhist scriptures as “Mahavinish Kramana”.

Question 23.
Gautama learned the doctrine of Sankhya philosophy and the art of meditation from which ascetics?
Answer:
Gautama learned the art of Sankhya Philosophy from the ascetic Arada Kalama at Vaisala. He also learned the art of meditation from Rudraka Ramputra at Rajagriha.

Question 24.
While Gautama was in deep meditation at which place he was offered milk by which village girl?
Answer:
While Gautama was in deep meditation at Kuruvilla he was offered milk by the village girl Sujata.

Question 25.
After the attainment of enlightenment Gautama was popular by which name?
Answer:
After the attainment of Enlightenment Gautama was popular in earning the name Buddhadeva.

Question 26.
According to Buddhist literature, what is the meaning of the title “turning the wheel of law” (Dharma-chakra pravartana)?
Answer:
According to the Buddhist literature after enlightenment Buddha proceeded at first to Samath near Bananas. He delivered his first sermon to five learned Brahmanas. This is called in Buddhist literature “turning the wheel of Law” (Dharma-chakra pravartana)

Question 27.
After enlightenment Buddha embraced which life and covered up to how many years?
Answer:
After enlightenment Buddha embraced the life of a missionary as a preacher of truth. It covered a period of 45 years.

Question 28.
Buddha converted his creed to many illustrious figures and who are they?
Answer:
Buddha converted his creed to many illustrious figures. They were Bimbisara, Ajatasatru, Sariputta and Maudgalayana.

Question 29.
Which king of Kosala listened to the Buddha’s discourses and which queen and two sisters became Buddha’s disciples?
Answer:
King Prasenjit of Kosala listened to the Buddha’s discourses. One of his queens Mallika and his two sisters became Buddha’s disciples.

Question 30.
While staying at Vaisali, Buddha converted to which courtesan to his faith and also gave consent to the formation of which union?
Answer:
While staying at Vaisali, Buddha converted to courtesan Ambapali to his faith. Buddha gave his consent to the formation of Bhikshuni Sangha.

Question 31.
Which is the earliest available source of Buddha’s teachings and what are they?
Answer:
The earliest available source of Buddhas teachings is the pali pitakas and nikayas. The pitakas consist of three parts the Vinaya pitaka, Sutra pitaka and Abhidharma pitaka.

Question 32.
Buddhadeva asked his disciples to comprehend how many noble truths and what are they.
Answer:
Buddha asked his disciples to comprehend four noble truths. They are:

• life is full of suffering
• the cause of suffering is desire and attachment
• suffering can be ended by the destruction of desire
• there is a way (Marga or Path) for the destruction of desire.

Question 33.
For deliverance from suffering Buddha outlined which path and what are they.
Answer:
For deliverance from suffering Buddha outlined an eightfold path (Astangika Marga). They are right speech, right action, right means of livelihood, right exertion, right-mindedness, right meditation, right resolution, and right point of view.

Question 34.
Which observance leads to the attainment of Nirvana or salvation?
Answer:
The observance of the sila and attainments of the samadhi and prajna would lead to nirvana or salvation.

Question 35.
What was the central theme of the moral code of Buddha and Buddha urged his followers to avoid which way?
Answer:
The middle path or the Majjhima path was the central theme of the moral code of Buddha. Buddha urged his followers to avoid the extreme path.

Question 36.
Buddha did not preach his doctrines in which language rather he preached it in which language?
Answer:
Buddha did not preach his doctrines in the Sanskrit language. But he preached it Magadhi i.e., the language of the people.

Question 37.
When the first Buddhist council was convened and where it was held under the auspices of whom?
Answer:
The first Buddhist council was convened a few weeks after Buddha’s death in the year 487 B.C. It was held at Rajagriha under the auspices of Ajatasatru.

Question 38.
Where the second Buddhist council was held and in which year?
Answer:
The second Buddhist council was held at Vaisali almost a century after Buddha purinirvaha or demise. The time of the second council is in and about 387 B.C.

Question 39.
The third Buddhist council was convoked by the presidentship of which Buddhist monk and when?
Answer:
The third Buddhist council was convoked by the Presidentship of eminent Buddhist monk Moggalpur a jiha in the year 251 B.C.

Question 40.
By whose auspices the fourth Buddhist council was summoned and where?
Answer:
By the auspices of Kanishka I the fourth Buddhist council was summoned. It was the last Buddhist council held at Kundala van vihar in Kashmir.

Question 41.
How many creeds were in Buddhism and what were those? Which age saw the emergence of a new creed?
Answer:
There were two creeds in Buddhism and those were Hinayana and Mahayana. The Kahana age shows the emergence of a new crowd of Mahajan.

Question 42.
In Odisha where the Buddha chronicles are found?
Answer:
In Odisha, we found Buddhist chronicles at Ratnagiri and Lalitgiri.

Question 43.
After which Mauryan king when Ashoka ascended the throne?
Answer:
After the Mauryan king, Bindusara Ashoka ascended the throne in 273 B.C.

Question 44.
For which reason the coronation of Ashoka was delayed for four years?
Answer:
For the fratricidal war it was anticipated that the coronation of Ashoka was delayed for four years i.e., it was held o 279 B.C.

Question 45.
When Ashok was a prince he was appointed as the governor of which state and after ascending the throne he assumed which title?
Answer:
When Ashok was a prince he was appointed as the governor of Taxila. After ascending the throne he assumed the title “Devanampriya Priyadasi Ashok”.

Question 46.
In the eighth year of his reign, Asoka invaded which country in which B.C.?
Answer:
In the eighth year of his reign, Asoka invaded Kaling in 261 B.C.

Question 47.
The material prosperity of Kalinga country was augmented by commercial relations with which countries?
Answer:
The material prosperity of Kalinga country was augmented by commercial relations with Malay, Java, and Ceylon.

Question 48.
Which Rock edict of Asoka has described the Kalinga war and the appealing story of Carnage, death, and deportation of the people of Kalinga?
Answer:
The rock edict XIII of Asoka has described regarding Kalinga war and the appealing story of carriage death and deportation of the people.

Question 49.
The policy of “Verighosha” was converted to which policy after Kalinga War?
Answer:
The policy of “Verighosa” was converted to “Dharmaghosha” after the Kalinga war.

Question 50.
On Rock edict, VIII Asoka narrates that in the tenth year of his reign he converted to which Yatra to what?
Answer:
In Rock edict, VIII Asoka narrates that in the tenth year of his reign he converted Vihar-yatras (pleasure tours) to Dharma yatras (Religious tours)

Question 51.
It is described in which is rock edict Ashoka appointed a class of which officials to work for the temporal and spiritual welfare of the people.
Answer:
It is described in rock edict III that Ashoka appointed a class of officials called Dharma Mahamatras to work for the temporal and spiritual welfare of the people.

Question 52.
At the time of Ashoka when the third Buddhist council was convocated and what was the purpose of it?
Answer:
At the time of Ashoka, the third Buddhist council was convocated at Pataliputra. The purpose of it was an attempt to eliminate schism within the Buddhist Church.

Question 53.
Ashoka send to him which son and daughter were and what was the purpose of it.
Answer:
Ashoka sends his son Mahendra and daughter Sanghamitra to Ceylon for the propagation of Buddhism.

Question 54.
Ashoka send which two Buddhist saints to the so-called golden land?
Answer:
Asoka sends the Buddhist saint Sura and Uttara for the propagation of the Buddhist religion to the golden land of Burma.

Question 55.
According to legends who was Karubaki and in which rock edict her name was engraved?
Answer:
According to legends, Karubaki was the princess of Utkal fisherman king. Her name was engraved in the Allahabad rock edict.

Question 56.
Which are the main source of information for the political and administrative system of the Mauryas?
Answer:
The main sources of information for the political and administrative system of the Mauryas are the Indika of Meghasthenes, the Arthasastra of Kautilya, and the inscriptions of Asoka.

Question 57.
In the Mauryan Administration who was the sovereign authority of the state and in which divine origin he was identified?
Answer:
In Mauryan, the Administration king was the sovereign authority of the state. He was identified with “Beloved of the Gods”.

Question 58.
In Maurya kingship enjoyed unlimited executive power and which author opined that “the king was the fountainhead of all powers”.
Answer:
In Mauryan kingship, the kings enjoyed unlimited executive power. The author Kautilya opined that the king was the fountainhead of all powers.

Question 59.
In which separate edict which Mauryan king declared that “All men are my children”?
Answer:
In a separate Kalinga edict, the Mauryan king Ashoka declared that “All men are my children”.

Question 60.
The Mantri-Parishad-in the Mauryan government was considered with Which Vedic organization and for it, we obtain information from which accounts?
Answer:
The Mantri-Parishad in the Mauryan government was considered with “Samiti” organization of the Vedic period. For it, we obtain information from Arthasastra and rock edict IE and VI of Ashoka.

Question 61.
The high officials in Mauryan times were styled in which position and in the Mauryan period the financial year began from which month?
Answer:
The high officials in Mauryan times were styled as “amateurs” corresponding to the councilors of Meghasthenes. In the Mauryan period the financial year began from Ashadha (July-August).

Question 62.
In Mauryan Administration the whole empire was divided into how many parts and what are they?
Answer:
In Mauryan Administration, the whole empire was divided into two parts. They are kingdoms under direct rule and vassal states.

Question 63.
During the kingship of Ashoka in the Mauryan age how many provinces were in the kingdom and what names of the capitals of those?
Answer:
During the time of Ashoka in the Mauryan age, there were five provinces. The capitals of these provinces were Taxila, Ujjaini, Tosali, Suvarragini, and Pataliputra.

Question 64.
The provinces were subdivided into which units and what was the name of the divided units of provinces in the frontier areas?
Answer:
The provinces were subdivided into Visayas. In the frontier areas, the Visayas were Probably named Pradesh.

Question 65.
In Mauryan Administration, the Visayas were divided into which units and the divided unit was a mixture of what?
Answer:
In Mauryan Administration the visayas were divided into Janapadas. Each Janapada has comprised of a mixture of the number of villages.

Question 66.
In the Mauryan provincial administration which was the lowest unit and who was the head of this unit?
Answer:
In Mauryan provincial administration village was the lowest unit. Gramika was the head of this unit.

Question 67.
The city administration in the Mauryan era was provided by a board of how many members and how many numbers in committees?
Answer:
The city administration in the Mauryan era was provided by a board of 30 members. The board was divided into 6nos. of committees.

Question 68.
From the description of which country it is known that the palace of Pataliputra is more decorative and decent looking in comparison with the palaces of Persian Susa and Ecbatana?
Answer:
From the description of the Greek country, it is known that the palace of Pataliputra is more decorative and decent looking in comparison with the palaces of Persian Susa and Ecbatana.

Question 69.
In the Mauryan administration what was the principal share of revenue and what was the proportion of land tax?
Answer:
In the Mauryan administration, the principal share of revenue was derived from the land. The proportion of land tax was one-sixth of the produce.

Question 70.
In the Mauryan administration who was the head of the judiciary and what was the name of the judges?
Answer:
In the Mauryan administration, the king was the head of the judiciary. He appointed many judges named Vyvaharika Mahamatras.

Question 71.
In the Mauryan justice administration, there were how many tribunals, and what were they?
Answer:
In the Mauryan justice administration, there were two types of tribunals as Dharmasthiya courts and the Kantakasodhana court.

Question 72.
The ancient Gupta age is considered to which age of ancient India and it was compared with which ages of the ancient world?
Answer:
The ancient Gupta age is considered the golden age of ancient India. This age was considered with Pericles’s age of Greece, Augustus’s age of Rome, and Elizabeth’s age of England.

Question 73.
The Gupta age had remarkable progress in which field and which language became the chief vehicle of literary creation.
Answer:
The Gupta age had remarkable progress in the field of literature. Sanskrit became the chief vehicle of literary creation.

Question 74.
Who was the creator of literature and brilliant luminary of the Gupta age? He was in comparison with whom?
Answer:
Kalidasa was the creator of literature and a brilliant luminary of the Gupta age. He was considered as Shakespeare of India.

Question 75.
The engraved scripts in 1964 signify where the birthplace of Kalidasa and he was contemporary with which king?
Answer:
The engraved scripts in 1964 signify that Ujjaini was the birthplace of Kalidasa. He was contemporary with king Vikramaditya who was Chandra Gupta II.

Question 76.
Which was the best among the dramas of Kalidasa and which critics have offered high praise for this drama?
Answer:
The Avijnana Sakuntalam of Kalidasa is one of the best dramas of Kalidasa. European literary critics have offered high praise for this drama.

Question 77.
What were the two Mahakavyas of Kalidasa and which lyrical poem of his was regarded as a valuable gem in Sanskrit literature?
Answer:
The two Mahakavyas of Kalidasa were Raghuvansham and Kumara Sambhavam. The lyrical poem Meghaduttam was universally regarded as a valuable gem in Sanskrit literature.

Question 78.
Name of the other literary dignitaries of the Gupta period and what was the name of their works?
Answer:
The other literary dignitaries of the Gupta period were Bhairavi, the author of Kirataijuniyam, Sudraka, the author of Mrichchhakatikam, and Visakhadatta, the author of Mudra Rakshasa.

Question 79.
Who was Harisena and what was his poetical episode?
Answer:
Harisena the minister of Samudra Gupta was a poet of no mean order. He was the author of Allahabad prasasti.

Question 80.
Who was virasena and in which sphere he was famous?
Answer:
Virasena was a member of the court of Chandragupta II. He was not only a poet rather a grammarian.

Question 81.
Buddha Ghosa composed which poetry and it was the subject matter of which personality?
Answer:
Buddha Ghosa composed the Pandya Chudamani. Its subject matter was the life of
Goutama Buddha.

Question 82.
In the Gupta age who was the important figure in practical and applied sciences and what was the name of his work?
Answer:
In the Gupta age, Varahamihira was an important figure in practical and applied sciences. The name of his work was Panchasiddhant which is regarded as the bible of Indian astronomy.

Question 83.
Who was Aryabhatta and which theory he depicted first?
Answer:
Aryabhatta was a great mathematician and astronomer in the Gupta age. He was the first astronomer to invent the cause of solar and lunar eclipses.

Question 84.
Aryabhatta is said to have invented which famous system and which country borrowed it?
Answer:
Aryabhatta is said to have invented the famous decimal system. The Arab country borrowed Indian Mathematics and decimal systems from India.

Question 85.
The Gupta emperors were the patrons of which religion? Were they tolerant of other creeds?
Answer:
The Gupta emperors were patrons of Brahmanism. They were highly tolerant of other creeds.

Question 86.
Some caves in Ajanta are rich in which painting and these paintings depict which stories?
Answer:
Some caves in Ajanta are rich in Gupta paintings. These paintings first depict the jataka story and the life of Buddha.

Question 87.
The Gupta gold and silver coins depicted which earmark and which emperor showed considerable originality in casting his coins.
Answer:
The Gupta gold and silver coins depicted the high water marks of Indian coinage. Emperor Chandra Gupta II showed considerable originality in casting his coin.

Question 88.
Whose account is the valuable and chief source of knowledge for the social life of the Gupta age and which personality remained in India from 401 to 410 A.D?
Answer:
The account of Fa-Hien is a valuable and chief source of knowledge for the social life of the Gupta age. Fa-Hien remained in India from 401 to 410 A.D.

Question 89.
What was the position of women in literature and what was their practical life?
Answer:
Women had an idealistic position in literature. In a practical way, they lived in subordination to the male members of society.

Question 90.
Which amusements were popular in the Gupta age and which was a popular pastime?
Answer:
In Gupta, age amusements consisted of theatrical entertainments, dance performances, and musical concerts, and gambling was a popular pastime.

Question 91.
Which educational system was provided in the Gupta period and was there a distinction between Buddhist and Hindu teachings?
Answer:
The educational system provided in the Gupta period was Brahmanical and Buddhist culture. No distinction was made between Buddhist and Hindu teachings.

Question 92.
Stress the educational atmosphere at Nalanda University? Was admission to this university an easy process?
Answer:
Nalanda became a very well-equipped university with a big library, classrooms, and student homes. Admission to this university was not an easy thing and willing
students had to face various competitions.

Question 93.
Which foreign traveler lived in Nalanda for 10 years and how many students were at that university?
Answer:
A foreign traveler lived in Nalanda for 10 years. Near about three thousand students were studying at that university.

Question 94.
Give an account regarding the excellence of metallurgy teaching at Nalanda University.
Answer:
Nalanda University metallurgy course proves the excellence of its signifies that the Delhi Iron pillar of king Chandragupta and the life-size copper image of Buddha though had a remaining length still these items were even after hundred and hundred years still not less rusted.

Question 95.
Was there a caste system in the Gupta period and who was in higher status?
Answer:
Caste system was widely prevalent in the Gupta period. The law book describes the Brahmins were in higher status.

Question 96.
The prosperity of India due to Roman trade started from which period and when the direct link was established between Gupta India with Roman trade?
Answer:
The prosperity of India due to Roman trade started during the Kushana period. Chandragupta II conquest of Malwa and Saurashtra by overthrowing the Saka rulers established a direct link between Gupta India with Roman trade.

Question 97.
Which port bore the bulk of trade with the west and which town served as a great link market with the rest of India?
Answer:
The port of Brigukachchha bore the bulk of trade with the west. Ujjairutown served as a great link market with the rest of India.

Question 98.
The roman trade continued in a flourishing condition till which period and for what it was declined?
Answer:
The roman trade continued in a flourishing condition till the early Gupta period. It suffered from the time of the Hun invasion.

Question 99.
Which country’s trade compensated for the loss of roman trade and after Brigukachchha which port became a great center of trade?
Answer:
Trade with China and Southeast Asia compensated for the loss of roman trade. After Brigukachchha Tamralipta port became a great center of trade.

Question 100.
Which system was a part of the Jive of traders and manufacturers and what was the name of the president of this committee?
Answer:
The Guild system was a part of the life of traders and manufacturers. The name of the president of this guild was Bhandagarika.

Short-Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Tri-Ratna in Jainism.
Answer:
Jina asked his disciples to follow three conditions for a nobler life. Those were Right Faith, Right knowledge, and Right Action. These conditions are known as the Tri-Ratna or the Three Jewels. In Jainism, man is required to regulate his life under those conditions. It was through faith, knowledge, and action that man could realize his own soul.

In the Jaina faith, the perfection of the soul was regarded as the real purpose of life. There was no need to worship God or Gods or to offer prayers or sacrifices. A pure soul could surely reach salvation without such things.

Question 2.
Karma And Rebirth in Jainism.
Answer:
In Jainism faith in the theory of karma and rebirth was absolute. Man has to work in order to live. His soul, therefore, is engaged in various works. But a man should also know the difference between good and bad work. Because he has to face the results of his work. If one does good work in life, the results will be good.

If one does evil work, bad results will follow. The results of the action or the karma are inevitable. No one can escape karma. Because it is the eternal law of existence. It is this karma that results in rebirth. Birth and rebirth are like an unending cycle. Man is bom again only to suffer for the sins of the previous life.

Question 3.
Non-violence in Jainism.
Answer:
Absolute faith in Ahimsa or non-violence received the highest place in Jainism. The life of every living being was regarded as sacred. The smallest of the small creatures also possessed life as did the human being. It was therefore a supreme sin that man should destroy the life of other creatures.

As the man himself does not want to be injured or killed. So also no creature would like to be injured or killed. According to Jainism, it was the duty of man to protect and preserve the life of every living creature. To Mahavira Jina, the practice of Ahimsa was like the highest duty of every mart.

Question 4.
Salvation in Jainism.
Answer:
Mahavira Jina taught his disciples to realize the absolute Truth of existence. Man is mortal. His physical body is unreality. Worldly attractions are meaningless. Karma or action leads to sins when a man is attached to worldly pleasures. It is for the sins that there is rebirth in an endless cycle. Unless on attempts to escape the rebirth there will be no end to his sufferings.

Jina showed the path for man to escape rebirth. In order to realize that the Atma or the soul is real while the body is unreal. Jina advised me to give up all attachments to the body. By putting the body in pain showing no desire for anything by giving up all possessions and even by inviting death by starvation a man can prove that he has no desire for worldly existence.

Question 5.
Four noble Truths or Arya Satya in Buddhism.
Answer:
Buddha got his enlightenment with the knowledge of four things. They were life is suffering is due to desire, suffering ends with the end of desires, and desires end with noble thoughts and actions. Buddhism deviated its philosophy from these truths. To Buddha, the material existence of everything is momentary. The world is full of sorrows.

Life is unreal. Sorrows, sickness old age, and death are inevitable. It is necessary to escape all suffering. He searched for means to escape worldly sufferings. He discovered the causes of suffering. Most causes were man’s desires. He wanted the destruction of worldly desires. For that purpose, he discovered the Noble1 Eightfold path.

Question 6.
Noble Eightfold path in Buddhism.
Answer:
Buddha saw how life rested on holes and desires. He also knew now hopes and desires were the root causes of sorrows and suffering. He discovered the path to come out of those miseries. That path is famous as the Noble Eightfold path. They were the Right view, the Right Aspiration.

Right Speech. Right conduct, Right Livelihood. Right Effort, Right Mindfulness, and Right contemplation. This Noble Eightfold path is also called the Middle path Buddha knew that it was impossible and undesirable for all men to renounce the world and become sannyasis. At the same time, he wanted that men should not to be too attached to worldly affairs and pleasures.

Therefore, he gave a code of conduct that was possible for a man to follow. Between a sannyasi and an extremely worldly man. Buddha’s code of conduct was like the middle path. One could remain in the world without being worldly. The Noble Eightfold path was meant for that kind of life.

Question 7.
Nirvana in Buddhism.
Answer:
Nirvana was considered the supreme goal of life. It was an escape forever, the extinction. It was possible to attain Nirvana by putting an end to the desire for life, for, the world, for birth, and for existence. When all desires and all cravings are extinguished once and for all life enters into a state of external peace. When it leaves the body it does not take rebirth. In Buddhist philosophy, the idea of Nirvana had a deep root.

In order to achieve that Nirvana a Buddhist was required to regulate his entire conduct. The conduct of Nirvana was a moral conduct man should give up violence, killing of animals, falsehood luxury, stealing, desire for wealth, and many such immoral acts. Thereafter, he should try samadhi or meditation, and try to attain propaganda or insight. Finally, he should aspire to re-enlightenment and salvation that is, Nirvana.

Question 8.
Spread of Buddhism.
Answer:
From the time of Buddha, Buddhism began to spread slowly but steadily. Yet, in the long run, it would have perhaps remained confined to India only. But two centuries after Buddha, there rules in India a great emperor named Ashok. It is he who prepared the path for the spread of Buddhism outside India. In course of centuries, over the whole of Asia Buddhism swept like a great tide. It was the tide not merely of religion, but also of civilization. Buddha is rightly, therefore, called the light of Asia.

Question 9.
State their contribution of Buddhism to Indian Culture.
Answer:
Buddhism brought about unity in the religious field by preaching against class and caste distinction. Buddhist monasteries were great centers of bearing where people from all over the world came and studied. Buddhists contributed immensely to the religious literature in India. As Buddhist scriptures were written in pali, the language of the common people.

Question 10.
State three contributions of Jainism to Indian culture.
Answer:

• In the religious field, Jainism was a reform movement in Hinduism. It did away with superstition, empty refuels, caste system which existed in Hindu Society.
• Jainism contributed a lot to the field of architecture. Jain caves at Udayagiri, Ellora, and the Dilwara temples of mount Abu are some notable examples of it.
• Jain literature is in Ardh-Magadhi and Prakrit dialects. Jain literature highlights the values of Ahimsa.

Question 11.
State the impacts of the Kalinga war on Ashoka.
Answer:

1. Ashoka left Digvijaya and started Dharmavijaya.
2. Ashoka became a follower of Buddhism.
3. The Kalinga war brought about a revolution in the life of Asoka.

Question 12.
Write about the architecture of the Gupta.
Answer:
Countless temples, pillars rock- cut valves, palaces, and cities belonging to the Buddhist, Jain, and Hindu sects flourished during the Gupta period. In temple architecture, the Gupta Age reached a high water mark. Dalavatar temple at Tigowa in Madhya Pradesh, and Bhitargaon temple at Kanpur were the finest specimen of their architectural achievements form pillar at Mehrauli near Delhi and the Garuda pillar of Keshinagar were two examples of their greatness.

Question 13.
Write about paintings of the Gupta Age.
Answer:
The paintings on the walls of the caves at Ellora and Ajanta at Aurangabad in Maharashtra and at Bagh in malwa testify to Gupta’s skill in painting. These paintings are a fine representation of the combination of the beauty of virtue carrying some themes. For example- revealing the life of Gautam Buddha, Charming and delightful scenes facial, expressions, festivals, and processions. Even after the passage of a long time all those now look quite lively. This painting is called Fresco – painting.

Question 14.
Write about Nava Ratna of the Gupta Period.
Answer:
The court of Chandragupta II (Vikramaditya) was bombed by a galaxy of nine celebrated scholars known as the (Nawa Ratna) or Nine Gens. They were Dhanwanfan, Kshyapanaska, Sanku, Amarsingh, Betalbhat, Ghatakapoor. Kaiidas, Barahamihir. Bararuchi of them Kaiidas was great by his literary genius.

Question 15.
The Jatakas.
Answer:
The Jatakas are the stories of Buddha’s birth and his previous life. Jainism special literature like the epics. Through the Jatakas, we get an idea of the 3rd end 4th century B.C. The stories were written in pali and were compiled in book form in the first century B.C. The subjects from these stories were used in sculpture on the railings of the stupas.

Question 16.
Hinayana.
Answer:
Those who followed strictly the doctrine of Budda and denied the existence of God were known as the followers of the lesser vehicle or Hinayana. This sect does not believe in idol worship. Even its follower does not believe that. Buddha was God. They believe in the Eightfold path as the only mean of salvation. They use pali as the language of their scriptures. The Hinayana sets of Buddhism are confined to India Srilanka Burma, Cambodia, and Laos.

Question 17.
Mahayana.
Answer:
The term Mahayana means ‘Greater Vehicle’ of salvation. It was another sect of Buddhism. They believe in Buddha as God. They worship the statues of Buddha and the Bodhisattvas, the Buddha in the previous births. This sect introduced idol worship and performed complex rituals and ceremonies. They wrote their scripture in Sanskrit. Kaniska was cofollower of Mahayana. The sect spread to northwestern parts of India, China, Japan, and South East Asian countries.

Question 18.
Third Buddhist council.
Answer:
In 251 B.C. Asoka organized the third Buddhist council at his capital putaliputra for the propagation of Buddhism. The famous Buddhist monk of Srilanka mogaliputta, Tissa, presided over this council. Ashoka’s active participation in this council inspired the followers of Buddhism to remain united.

Question 19.
Dharmayatra.
Answer:
After the Kalinga war, Ashoka stopped the practice of Bherighosha meant for conquering kingdoms and is stead started Dharma Yatra all over India. He started Vihara yatras (pleasure tours) and arranged for Dhamma Yatra (religious tour) in its place. He visited the places associated with the life of the Buddha. These activities had a tremendous influence on his subjects and thereby helped in the spread of Buddhism.

Question 20.
Dhamma Vijaya.
Answer:
Outs of India, Ashok sent missionaries of peace to countries like Burma Egypt, Russia, China Tibet, Srilanka, etc. They spread the doctrines of Buddhism outside India. By sending messages of peace & universal brotherhood to these countries. Ashoka paved the way for the propagation & Spread of Buddhism there.

Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 12 History Solutions Unit 2 Religious Movements of Sixth Century BC Objective Questions.

CHSE Odisha 12th Class History Unit 2 Religious Movements of Sixth Century BC Objective Questions

Multiple Choice Questions with Answers

Question 1.
In which century B.C. Jainism and Buddhism rose to the eminent religious aspects.
(a) 6th century B.C.
(b) 7th century B.C.
(c) 9th century B.C.
(d) 10th century B.C.
Answer:
(a) 6th century B.C.

Question 2.
Who is regarded as the first Tirthankar of Jainism?
(a) Parsvanath
(b) Rishavnath
(c) Mahavir Vardhaman
(d) Gautama Buddha
Answer:
(b) Rishavnath

Question 3.
Who is the 23rd Tirthankar of Jainism?
(a) Parsvanath
(b) Neminath
(c) Mahavir
(d) Rishavanath
Answer:
(a) Parsvanath

Question 4.
In the 6th century B.C. Mahavir was born in which Kshatriya dynasty?
(a) Sakya
(b) Jnatrika
(c) Lichhabi
(d) Malla
Answer:
(b) Jnatrika

Question 5.
In which village of Gideha state of ancient India Mahavira Jina was born?
(a) Kapila Bastu
(b) Timbika village
(c) Kunda Grama
(d) Rajagriba
Answer:
(c) Kunda Grama

Question 6.
For the development of life who proclaimed the “Four-fold division of Religion”?
(a) Neminath
(b) Rishavnath
(c) Mahavir
(d) Parsvanath
Answer:
(d) Parsvanath

Question 7.
Which number “Tirthankar” was Mahavir Jina?
(a) 14th
(b) 22nd
(c) 23rd
(d) 24th
Answer:
(d) 24th

Question 8.
Name of the father of Mahavir Jina?
(a) Siddhartha
(b) Parsvanath
(c) Suddhodan
(d) Sariputta
Answer:
(a) Siddhartha

Question 9.
Name of the mother of Mahavira Jina?
(a) Mayadevi
(b) Goutami
(c) Trishala
(d) Karubaki
Answer:
(c) Trishala

Question 10.
What was the childhood name of Mahavira?
(a) Nataputra
(b) Goutama
(c) Jnanaputra
(d) Vardhamana
Answer:
(d) Vardhamana

Question 11.
When Vardhana Mahavira was born?
(a) 536 B.C.
(b) 538 B.C.
(c) 540 B.C.
(d) 542 B.C.
Answer:
(c) 540 B.C.

Question 12.
Near the pipal tree which village Mahavira got extreme knowledge of “Kevala Gyana”?
(a) Kunda Grama
(b) Tumbika Grama
(c) Gaya
(d) Vaisali
Answer:
(b) Tumbika Grama

Question 13.
Mahavira got extreme knowledge of which eternal river?
(a) Rijupalika
(b) Saraswati
(c) Sindhu
(d) Ganga
Answer:
(a) Rijupalika

Question 14.
Who preached “Pancha Mahabharata”?
(a) Mahavira
(b) Siddhartha
(c) Neminath
(d) Rishavanath
Answer:
(a) Mahavira

Question 15.
Name of Mahavira’s wife?
(a) Jasodhara
(b) Gopa
(c) Priyadarshini
(d) Yasoda
Answer:
(d) Yasoda

Question 16.
Name of the daughter of Vardhamana Mahavira?
(a) Gopa
(b) Priyadarshini
(c) Ninnala
(d) Vasundhara
Answer:
(b) Priyadarshini

Question 17.
With the “Fourfold principle of life” of the previous Tirthankar Parsvanath, Mahavira added which principle?
(a) Non-violence
(b) Truth
(c) Non-Possession
(d) Brahmacharya on celibacy
Answer:
(d) Brahmacharya on celibacy

Question 18.
Where the great life of Mahavira ended?
(a) Pava
(b) Kusinagar
(c) Magadha
(d) Vaisali
Answer:
(a) Pava

Question 19.
Jainist system of Right faith, Right knowledge add Right Action is regarded as which principle?
(a) Tri-principle
(b) Tri-column
(c) Tri-Ratna
(d) Salvation
Answer:
(c) Tri-Ratna

Question 20.
Which long of Odisha was the pioneer of Jainism?
(a) Mukundadeva
(b) Prataprudradeva
(c) Kharavela
(d) Narasinghadeva
Answer:
(a) Kharavela

Question 21.
Where Jaina caves are found in Odisha?
(a) Lalitagiri
(b) Ratnagiri
(c) Udayagiri
(d) Dhauli
Answer:
(a) Lalitagiri

Question 22.
In which language Mahavira preached his message?
(a) Pali
(b) Prakrit
(c) Magadhi
(d) Andha-Magadhi
Answer:
(d) Andha-Magadhi

Question 23.
In which principle Mahavira stressed the utmost importance?
(a) Nonpossession
(b) Non-violence
(c) Karma and Rebirth
(d) Re-birth
Answer:
(b) Non-violence

Question 24.
Mahavira discarded the importance of which epic?
(a) Veda
(b) Upanishad
(c) Geeta
(d) Tripitaka
Answer:
(a) Veda

Question 25.
Who is regarded as “Natasutra”?
(a) Vardhaman Mahavira
(b) Parsvanath
(c) Siddhartha
(d) Rishavanath
Answer:
(a) Vardhaman Mahavira

Question 26.
Among the booklets which is the epic of Jainism?
(a) Sangita
(b) Veda
(c) Kalpasutra
(d) Tripitaka
Answer:
(c) Kalpasutra

Question 27.
Who is the founder of Buddhism?
(a) Asoka
(b) Harshavardhana
(c) Goutama Buddha
(d) Mahaira Jina
Answer:
(c) Goutama Buddha

Question 28.
Where Goutama Buddha was born?
(a) Lumbini garden of Kapilavastu
(b) Vaisali
(c) Rajagriha
(d) Uruvilva
Answer:
(a) Lumbini garden of Kapilavastu

Question 29.
When Gautama Buddha was born?
(a) 540 B.C.
(b) 468 B.C.
(c) 566 B.C.
(d) 486 B.C.
Answer:
(c) 566 B.C.

Question 30.
What was the name of the father of Gautama Buddha?
(a) Suddhodana
(b) Nandivardhan
(c) Siddhartha
(d) Parsvanath
Answer:
(a) Suddhodan

Question 31.
What was the name of the mother of Gautama Buddha?
(a) Yasoda Dcvi
(b) Mayadevi
(c) Trisala
(d) Kausalya
Answer:
(b) Mayadevi

Question 32.
To which Kshatriya dynasty Buddhadeva belongs?
(a) Jnatrika
(b) Sakya
(c) Moriya
(d) Ikshaku
Answer:
(b) Sakya

Question 33.
Who is regarded as the Light of Asia?
(a) Moka
(b) Hiuen Tsang
(c) Gautama Buddha
(d) Mahavira Jina
Answer:
(c) Gautama Buddha

Question 34.
Where Buddha got Enlightenment?
(a) Rajagriha
(b) Vaisali
(c) Kapilavastu
(d) Buddhagaya
Answer:
(d) Buddhagaya

Question 35.
In Buddhism which system is regarded as the “Turning of the Wheel of Law (Dharma Chakra Pravartan)”?
(a) First Sermon of Buddhism
(b) Buddhist Epic
(c) Birth of Buddha
(d) Death of Buddha
Answer:
(a) First Sermon of Buddhism

Question 36.
Where Buddha delivered his first sermon?
(a) Saranath
(b) Gaya
(c) Uruvilva
(d) Kusinara
Answer:
(a) Saranath

Question 37.
What is the name of the epic of Buddhism?
(a) Anga
(b) Upanga
(c) Kalpasutra
(d) Tripitaka
Answer:
(d) Tripitaka

Question 38.
In which year of his life Buddha got ‘Enlightenment’?
(a) 29
(b) 34
(c) 35
(d) 42
Answer:
(c) 35

Question 39.
During the last stage of his meditation, Buddhadeva took a little food from which village girl and continued meditation?
(a) Gopa
(b) Yasoda
(c) Sujata
(d) Manini
Answer:
(c) Sujata

Question 40.
Name of the wife of Gautama Buddha?
(a) Yasoda
(b) Priyadarsini
(c) Yasodhara
(d) Trisala
Answer:
(c) Yasodhara

Question 41.
Name of the son of Gautama Buddha?
(a) Rahula
(b) Chandan
(c) Gautama
(d) Parsvanath
Answer:
(a) Rahula

Question 42.
During the city tour how many scenes affected Gautama Buddha?
(a) 8
(b) 10
(c) 2
(d) 4
Answer:
(d) 4

Question 43.
The renouncement of family life is regarded as what in Buddhist text?
(a) Turning of the wheel of law
(b) Mahapariniman
(c) Mahaviniskramana
(d) Fourfold division of life
Answer:
(c) Mahaviniskramana

Question 44.
During the first stage of his meditation from which philosopher Gautama Buddha got some divine knowledge?
(a) Allan Kalam
(b) Udraka Ramputra
(c) Mogglan
(d) Sariputra
Answer:
(a) Allan Kalam

Question 45.
When Buddha renounced his life?
(a) 540 B.C.
(b) 566 B.C.
(c) 486 B.C
(d) 468 B.C.
Answer:
(a) 486 B.C.

Question 46.
Where Buddha ended his life?
(a) Pava
(b) Samath
(c) Kusinagar
(d) Bodhagaya
Answer:
(c) Kusinagar

Question 47.
The renouncement of Buddha’s life is regarded as what in Buddhist text?
(a) Mahaviniskramana
(b) Turning of the Wheel of Law
(c) Mahapaninirvan
(d) Dharma Sansthan
Answer:
(c) Mahaparinirvan

Question 48.
In 486 B.C. who presided over the first Buddhist conference at Rajgriha?
(a) Ajatasatru
(b) Mahakasyap
(c) Hiuen Tsang
(d) Sariputta
Answer:
(b) Mahakasyap

Question 49.
Under the guidance of Kalasoka in 387 B.C. where the important Buddhist conference was held?
(a) Rajagriha
(b) Pataliputra
(c) Vaisali
(d) Kundalavana Vihar
Answer:
(a) Vaisali

Question 50.
At the reign of Asoka in 250 B.C. who presided over the third Buddhist conference at Pataliputra?
(a) Mogaliputtatisa
(b) Vasumitra
(c) Aswaghosa
(d) Sariputta
Answer:
(a) Mogaliputtatisa

Question 51.
Under the guidance of Kaniska and the presidentship of Vasumitra who was the vice¬president of the Fourth Buddhist Council held at Kundalavanavihar of Kashmir?
(a) Kalasoka
(b) Asoka
(c) Kaniska
(d) Asvaghosa
Answer:
(d) Asvaghosa

Question 52.
During the lifetime of Gautama Buddha which king was his disciple?
(a) Bimbisara
(b) Asoka
(c) Kaniska
(d) Kharavela
Answer:
(a) Bimbisara

Question 53.
With Bimbisara which son of his took initiation of Buddhism?
(a) Asoka
(b) Ajatasatru
(c) Parsurama
(d) Kulabhadra
Answer:
(b) Ajatasatru

Question 54.
In future times which king of Kosala took initiation of Buddhism?
(a) Biraballa
(b) Pravakara
(c) Prasenjit
(d) Kalasoka
Answer:
(c) Prasenjit

Question 55.
Which famous trader of Kosala took initiation from Gautama Buddha?
(a) Japani
(b) Bhallika
(c) Sudutha
(d) Anatha Pindika
Answer:
(d) Anatha Pindika

Question 56.
Buddhist organisations gave chance to which prostitute to take initiation.
(a) Sujata
(b) Ambrapalli
(c) Many
(d) Karubaki
Answer:
(b) Ambrapalli

Question 57.
Where Buddhist chronicles are seen in Odisha?
(a) Ratnagiri
(b) Khandagiri
(c) Udayagiri
(d) Kapilas
Answer:
(a) Ratnagiri

Question 58.
To whom has the designation “Indian Luther” has given?
(a) Mahavira
(b) Shankar
(c) Buddhadev
(d) Nimbark
Answer:
(c) Buddhadev

Question 59.
Which king was the father of Asoka?
(a) Chandragupta Maurya
(b) Bindusara
(c) Samudragupta
(d) Kharavela
Answer:
(b) Bindusara

Question 60.
Who was the founder of the Maurya dynasty?
(a) Asoka
(b) Binndusara
(c) Chandragupta Maurya
(d) Kharavela
Answer:
(a) Chandragupta Maurya

Question 61.
When Asoka Ascended the throne?
(a) 271 B.C.
(b) 269 B.C.
(c) 273 B.C.
(d) 277 B.C.
Answer:
(c) 273 B.C.

Question 62.
When the coronation festival of Asoka was celebrated?
(a) 273 B.C.
(b) 272 B.C.
(c) 269 B.C.
(d) 267 B.C.
Answer:
(c) 269 B.C.

Question 63.
How many years after the coronation of Asoka the attack on Kalinga was made?
(a) Sixth year
(b) the Eighth year
(c) Seventh year
(d) Ninth year
Answer:
(b) Eighth year

Question 64.
In which year Kalinga war took place?
(a) 273 B.C.
(b) 269 B.C.
(c) 261 B.C.
(d) 260 B.C.
Answer:
(a) 261 B.C

Question 65.
Which Rock Edict of Asoka gives information regarding the Kalinga war?
(a) 12th Rock Edict
(b) 13th Rock Edict
(c) 16th Rock Edict
(d) 18th Rock Edict
Answer:
(b) 13th Rock Edict

Question 66.
Name of the capital of Kalinga?
(a) Pataliputra
(b) Ujjaini
(c) Tosali
(d) Brahmagiri
Answer:
(c) Tosali

Question 67.
From which ambassador’s accounts special information regarding the power of Kalinga is known?
(a) Megasthenes
(b) Hiuen Tsang
(c) Fa-hien
(d) I-Tsing
Answer:
(a) Megasthenes

Question 68.
Which Historian gives information that the “Kalinga war is a great incident in world history”?
(a) Historian E. H. Kaan
(b) Historian Vincent smith
(c) Historian M.N. Das
(d) Historian Herodotus
Answer:
(d) Historian Herodotus

Question 69.
Which country’s legend gives information that in that country there was a strong colonial system of Kalinga?
(a) Burma
(b) China
(c) Indonesia
(d) Japan
Answer:
(a) Burma

Question 70.
Which Historian gives information that “the strengthened inhabitants of Kalinga erected a colony at Burma long before the attack of Kalinga by Asoka”?
(a) M.N.Das
(b) H. S. Pattnaik
(c) Terini
(d) E. H. Kaan
Answer:
(c) Terini

Question 71.
Which Greek writer gives information that maximum growth elephants were in the Kalinga army?
(a) Talemy
(b) Pliny
(c) Diodenas
(d) Megasthenes
Answer:
(c) Diodenas

Question 72.
Which book symbolises that “The elephants of Kalinga are superior to other elephants of India”?
(a) Geography of Talemy
(b) Indica of Megasthenes
(c) History of Herodotus
(d) Arthasastra of Kautilya
Answer:
(d) Arthasastra of Kautilya

Question 73.
From which ambassador’s accounts it is known that the personal security of the Kalinga king was with “sixty thousand armies, one thousand cavalry and seven hundred war-elephants”?
(a) Hiuen Tsang
(b) Megasthenes
(c) I-Tsing
(d) Fa-hien
Answer:
(b) Megasthenes

Question 74.
Which Mamyar king designated himself as “Amitraghata”?
(a) Chandragupta Maurya
(b) Bindusara
(c) Susima
(d) Ashoka
Answer:
(b) Bindusara

Question 75.
Asoka was initiated in Buddhism by which Buddhist hermit?
(a) Mogaliputtatisa
(b) Sariputa
(c) Upagupta
(d) Siladitya
Answer:
(c) Upagupta

Question 76.
To which country did Ashoka send his son and daughter for the preaching of Buddhism?
(a) Burma
(b) Japan
(c) China
(d) Sri Lanka
Answer:
(d) Sri Lanka

Question 77.
For the preaching or Buddhism Asoka send which two hermits to Burma?
(a) Mogaliputtatisa and Vasumitra
(b) Asvaghosa and Ananda
(c) Sona and Uttara
(d) Aniruddha & Ananda
Answer:
(c) Sona and Uttara

Question 78.
For the preaching of religion a new official class was created by Asoka. What was the name of it?
(a) Dharma Pracharaka
(b) Tajak class
(c) Dharma Rakshakari
(d) Dharma Mahamatra
Answer:
(a) Dharma Mahamatra

Question 79.
After Kalinga “Bheri Ghosa” was closed forever and against it what was eulogised?
(a) Satya Ghosa
(b) Vijaya Ghosa
(c) Dharma Ghosa
(d) Raksha Ghosa
Answer:
(c) Dharma Ghosa

Question 80.
According to the order of king Asoka the higher officials were reputed for preaching religious principles to common people in how many years repeatedly?
(a) 2 years
(b) 4 years
(c) 5 years
(d) 6 years
Answer:
(c) 5 years

Question 81.
To know many things regarding the Mauryan administration which kings’ documents are important?
(a) Kharavela
(b) Bindusara
(c) Chandragupta Maurya
(d) Ashoka
Answer:
(a) Kharavela

Question 82.
The Maurya government rested in which system of administration?
(a) Monarchy
(b) Aristocracy
(c) Democracy
(d) Autocracy
Answer:
(a) Monarchy

Question 83.
To know the importance of the Mauryan administration which historical text is important?
(a) Si-Yu-Ki
(b) Indika
(c) Mudrarakshasa
(d) Arthasastra
Answer:
(d) Arthasastra

Question 84.
Which administrative department in the Mauryan administration is known as “Kantaka Sodhana”?
(a) Revenue
(b) Defence
(c) Education
(d) Court
Answer:
(d) Court

Question 85.
In the Mauryan administration, the designation of village headman was?
(a) Gramika
(b) Siramani
(c) Bhalluka
(d) Bisesagna
Answer:
(a) Gramika

Question 86.
What was the designation of the religious Advisor of the Mauryan king?
(a) Rajput
(b) Purohit
(c) Dharma Mahamantra
(d) Senapati
Answer:
(b) Purohit

Question 87.
At the time of king Asoka the Govt, the ministry was called in which other name?
(a) Mantri Parishad
(b) Moura Parishad
(c) Parisha
(d) Dandapan
Answer:
(c) Parisha

Question 88.
What type of change took place in the life of king Asoka after the Kalinga war?
(a) Chandasoka to Mahachandasoka
(b) Chandasoka to Dharmasoka
(c) Magadha Samrat to Kalinga Samrat
(d) Rajyajayee to Digvijayee
Answer:
(b) Chandasoka to Dharmasoka

Question 89.
To whom the term “Beloved of the Gods (Devanam Priya Priyadarshi)” has given?
(a) Chandragupta Maurya
(b) Bindusara
(c) Asoka
(d) Kharavela
Answer:
(c) Asoka

Question 90.
That Buddhist inscription at Saranath was built by whom?
(a) Chadragupta Maurya
(b) Bindusara
(c) Kharavela
(d) Asoka
Answer:
(d) Asoka

Question 91.
Who was the Revenue head in the Mauryan administration?
(a) Samaharta
(b) Pradesthi
(c) Prasethi
(d) Poura administration
Answer:
(a) Samaharta

Question 92.
What was the name of the capital of the Mauryan kingdom?
(a) Kanouja
(b) Pataliputra
(c) Rajagriha
(d) Kosambi
Answer:
(b) Pataliputra

Question 93.
“Astadasa Tirtha” were placed at the time of which king?
(a) Chandragupta Maurya
(b) Chandragupta II
(c) Kaniska
(d) Harsavardhan
Answer:
(a) Chandragupta Maurya

Question 94.
For the municipal corporation of Pataliputra how many departments were constructed?
(a) 4
(b) 5
(c) 6
(d) 7
Answer:
(c) 6

Question 95.
In the Mauryan kingdom what was the name of the capital of Uttarapath state?
(a) Taxasila
(b) Ujjaini
(c) Pataliputra
(d) Rajgriha
Answer:
(a) Taxasila

Question 96.
In the Mauryan kingdom what was the name of the capital of Dakshinapath state?
(a) Pataliputra
(b)Ayodhya
(c) Taxasila
(d) Subamagiri
Answer:
(d) Subamagiri

Question 97.
Magadha was famous and popular in which another name in Mauryan Age?
(a) Tosali
(b) Taxila
(c) Jaugarh
(d) Prachi
Answer:
(d) Prachi

Question 98.
From which book it known that a naval unit existed in the Mauryan military administration?
(a) Indika
(b) Mudrarakshas
(c) Arthasastra
(d) Mahabhasya
Answer:
(c) Arthasastra

Question 99.
What was the designation of state administrators in the Mauryan administration or in which name they were adorned?
(a) Pradesika
(b) Rajya-adhikari
(c) Kumara
(d) Prasasaka
Answer:
(c) Kumara

Question 100.
In the Mauryan administration, the states were renowned in which name?
(a) Bhukti
(b) Janapada
(c) Jilla
(d) Mahala
Answer:
(b) Janapada

Question 101.
In ancient India which era is regarded as the golden era?
(a) Vedic era
(b) Buddhist era
(c) Mauryan era
(d) Gupta era
Answer:
(d) Gupta era

Question 102.
Which Chinese ambassador who came to India at the time of Chandragupta II has given utmost importance to social life?
(a) Hiuen-Tsang
(b) Megasthenes
(c) Fa-hien
(d) I-tsing
Answer:
(c) Fa-hien

Question 103.
In Gupta Age with which country there was a continuous trade relationship?
(a) Egypt
(b) Arab
(c) Rome
(d) Japan
Answer:
(c) Rome

Question 104.
What was National Emblem in Gupta Age?
(a) Goddess Laxmi
(b) Goddess Saraswati
(c) Eagle
(d) Hanuman
Answer:
(c) Eagle

Question 105.
In India which literature creator is regarded as the “Shakespeare of India”?
(a) Kalidasa
(b) Vishakhadutta
(c) Vishnu Sharma
(d) Buddhaghosa
Answer:
(a) Kalidasa

Question 106.
Who has written “Kumara Sambhava”?
(a) Bharabi
(b) Kalidasa
(c) Sudraka
(d) Visakhadutta
Answer:
(b) Kalidasa

Question 107.
Name of the play writer of SakuntaIa”?
(a) Kalidasa
(b) Sudraka
(c) Bharabi
(d) Bishnu Sharma
Answer:
(a) Kalidasa

Question 108.
“Meghaduta” poem was written by whom?
(a) Bharabi
(b) Bhatti
(c) Magha
(d) Kalidasa
Answer:
(d) Kalidasa

Question 109.
The Great Epic “Raghuvansam” was written by whom?
(a) Vartuhari
(b) Bishnu Sharma
(c) Kalidasa
(d) Visakhadutta
Answer:
(c) Kalidasa

Question 110.
Which writer has created the play “Malabikagnimitra”?
(a) Vishakhadutta
(b) Bhatti
(c) Kalidasa
(d) Barahamihira
Answer:
(c) Kalidasa

Question 111.
Which English writer has translated the “Sakuntala” of Kalidas into the English language?
(a) William Shakespeare
(b) Sir William Johnes
(c) Charles Dickens
(d) Robert Frost
Answer:
(b) Sir WiHiam Johnes

Question 112.
The social play “Mrichhakatika” is written by whom?
(a) Sudraka
(b) Bharavi
(c) Kalidasa
(d) Bhaui
Answer:
(a) Sudraka

Question 113.
Kalidasa has adorned which king’s Assembly?
(a) Chandragupta I
(b) Chandragupta II (Vikramaditya)
(c) Skanda Gupta
(d) Kumaragupta
Answer:
(b) Chandragupta II (Vikramaditya)

Question 114.
The famous play “Mudraraksbasa” was written by whom?
(a) Kalidasa
(b) Buddhaghosa
(c) Bharavi
(d) Vishakhadutta
Answer:
(d) Vishakhadutta

Question 115.
“Devi Chandraguptam” play was written by whom?
(a) Vishnu Sharma
(b) Vishakhadufla
(c) Barahainihira
(d) Bararuchi
Answer:
(b) Vishakhadutta

Question 116.
Who has written “Tini Sataka”?
(a) Buddhaghosa
(b) Visakhaduita
(c) Bhartuhari
(d) Sudraka
Answer:
(c) Bhartuhari

Question 117.
In Gupta Age, the famous literary willing “Panchatantra” is written by whom?
(a) Kalidasa
(b) Rharavi
(c) Dandi
(d) Bishnu Sharrna
Answer:
(d) Bishnu Sharma

Question 118.
Who was the author of “Kiratarjunium”?
(a) Bharabi
(b) Birasena
(c) Kalidasa
(d) Vishakhadutta
Answer:
(a) Bharabi

Question 119.
“Padya Chudamani” is written by whom?
(a) Bhartuhari
(b) Kalidasa
(c) E3uddhaghosa
(d) Bharabi
Answer:
(c) Buddbaghosa

Question 120:
Who was the author of “Dasakumara Chai-ita”?
(a) Dandi
(b) Magha
(c) Bharabi
(d) Bhatti
Answer:
(a) Dandi

Question 121.
“Basabadutta” was written by whom?
(a) Kalidasa
(b) Subandhu
(c) Basubandhu
(d) Amarasmgha
Answer:
(b) Subandhu

Question 122.
Who was the author of “Amarakosha”?
(a) Amarasingha
(b) Basubandhu
(c) Kalidasa
(d) Bliarabi
Answer:
(a) Amarasingha

Question 123.
‘Astadhyayi’ was written by whom?
(a) Amarasingha
(b) Panini
(c) Batsyayana
(d) Patanjali
Answer:
(b) Panini

Question 124.
“Kamasutra” was written by whom?
(a) Paninin
(b) Amarasingha
(c) Batsyayana
(d) Bharabi
Answer:
(c) Batsyayana

Question 125.
Who is the author of the books “Arya Siddhanta”, “Arya-Bhattutan” and “Sur Siddhanta”?
(a) Aryabhatta
(b) Barahamihira
(c) Buddhaghosa
(d) Kalidasa
Answer:
(a) Aryabbatta

Question 126.
Who was the author of the futurelogles text of “Pancha-Siddhanta”, “Brihatsanglta” and “Brihat Jataka”?
(a) Kalidasa
(b) Barahamihira
(c) Brahmagupta
(d) Aryabhatta
Answer:
(b) Barahamihira

Question 127.
“Brahma Siddhanta” and “Khanda Khadyaka” etc. science texts are written by whom?
(a) Barahamihira
(b) Kalidasa
(c) Brahmagupta
(d) Aryabhatta
Answer:
(c) Brahmagupta

Question 128.
“Hastayurveda” is written by whom?
(a) Salihotra
(b) Palakapya
(c) Patanjali V
(d) Susutra
Answer:
(b) Palakapya

Question 129.
Who wrote “Asvasastra”?
(a) Palakapya
(b) Bharabi
(c) Salihotra
(d) Brahmagupta
Answer:
(c) Salihotra

Question 130.
“Susruta Samhita” is written by whom
(a) Palakapya
(b) Bhatti
(c) Aryabhatta
(d) Susutra
Answer:
(d) Susruta

Question 131.
At Mebruli of Delhi, the Pillar Inscription was erected during which dynasty?
(a) Maurya dynasty
(b) Gupta dynasty
(c) Kushana dynasty
(d) Satavahan dynasty
Answer:
(b) Gupta dynasty

Question 132.
Who has given information regarding the Solar eclipse and Lunar eclipse
(a) Aryabhatta
(b) Barahamihira
(c) Vishakhadutta
(d) Kalidasa
Answer:
(a) Aryabhatta

Question 133.
In how many numbers of the cave of Ajanta’s “Dying princess” drawing ¡s engraved?
(a) 12 number
(b) 14 number
(c) 15 number
(d) 16 number
Answer:
(d) 16 number

Question 134.
In which number of Ajanta cave the picture of “Mother and son” is engraved?
(a) 14 number
(b) 15 number
(c) 16 number
(d) 17 number
Answer:
(d) 17 number

Question 135.
“Renunciation of the family by Gautama’1 picture is installed in how many numbers of Ajanta caves?
(a) 16 number
(b) 17 number
(c) 18 number
(d) 19 number
Answer:
(d) 19 number

Question 136.
Long before Newton who has given information regarding gravitational force?
(a) Brahmagupta
(b) Aiyabhatta
(c) Baraharnihira
(d) Kalidasa
Answer:
(a) Brahmagupta

Question 137.
Who is popular as the “Father of surgery”?
(a) Charaka
(b) Susruta
(c) Palakasya
(d) Salihotra
Answer:
(b) Susruia

Question 138.
Who has given Information regarding the decimal system and zero?
(a) Brahmagupta
(b) Barahamihira
(c) Aryabhatta
(d) Vishakhadutta
Answer:
(c) Aryabhatta

Question 139.
The Gupta kings were the patronizer of which religion?
(a) Buddhism
(b) Jainism
(c) Brahmanical Hinduism
(d) Christianism
Answer:
(c) Brahmanical Hinduism

Question 140.
Which Gupta king adorned the title of “Kabiraya’?
(a) Chandragupta I
(b) Samudragupta
(c) Chandragupta II
(d) Asoka
Answer:
(b) Samudragupta

Question 141.
In ancient India who is regarded as “Indian Napoleon”?
(a) Chandragupta I
(b) Chandragupta
(c) Samudragupta
(d) Asoka
Answer:
(c) Samudragupta

Question 142.
Which Gupta king celebrated “AsvamedhaYagna”?
(a) Samudragupta
(b) Chandragupta I
(c) Skanda Gupta
(d) Chandragupta II
Answer:
(a) Samudragupta

Question 143.
Which Buddha hermit adorned the court of Samudragupta?
(a) Tathag4ta
(b) Upagupta
(c) Mogaliputtatisa
(d) Basuvandhu
Answer:
(a) Basuvandhu

Question 144.
Who is the author of “Sankhya kanika”
(a) Iswarakrushna
(b) Patanjali
(c) Batsyayana
(d) BarahamihiraA
Answer:
(a) Iswarakrushna

Question 145.
Asha Katha” is written by whom?
(a) Digrara
(b) Buddhaghosa
(c) Basubandhu
(d) Asanga
Answer:
(b) Buddhaghosa

Question 146.
Ritusamhara” is written by whom?
(a) Bishakhadutta
(b) Sudrka
(c) Kalidasa
(d) Barahamihira
Answer:
(c) Kalidasa

Question 147.
Who has compiled the Allahabad pillar inscription?
(a) Samudragupta
(b) Bishnu Sharma
(c) Sudraka
(d) Harisena
Answer:
(d) Harisena

Question 148.
Whose picture came to light at the 2nd number cave of Ajanta?
(a) Rama-Sita
(b) Siba-Parvati
(c) Birth of Buddha
(d) Enlightenment of Mahavira
Answer:
(c) Birth of Buddha

Question 149.
Who has circulated the “Raja-Rani” coin?
(a) Asoka
(b) Kharavela
(c) Samudragupta
(d) Chandragupta I
Answer:
(d) Chandragupta I

Question 150.
Where is the ‘Dasavatara Temple” of the Gupta clan situated?
(a) Tigwa
(b) Bhuman
(c) Deogarh
(d) Jhansi
Answer:
(c) Deogarh

Fill in the Blanks.

Question 1.
In _________ century B.C. Jainism had Buddhism is regarded as the developed religious structure in India.
Answer:
Sixth

Question 2.
_________ was regarded as the twenty-third Tirthankara of Jainism.
Answer:
Parsuanath

Question 3.
At Nalanda, Niahavira came In relation with the hermit named _________.
Answer:
Gosala Makhaliputra.

Question 4.
Right faith right action right knowledge is regarded as _________ in Jainism.
Answer:
Tri-Ratna

Question 5.
Mahavir was born in _________ kshetriya clan.
Answer:
Jnatrika

Question 6.
In the earliest Indian Videha state in _________ village, Mahavira was born.
Answer:
Kundargrama

Question 7.
Who was the first Tirthankara of Jainism?
Answer:
Rishavanath

Question 8..
Mahavira was _________ number Tirthankara in Jainism.
Answer:
24th

Question 9.
Mother of Mahavira belongs to _________ dynasty.
Answer:
Lichhabi

Question 10.
Mahavira got enlightenment under a sal tree near in _________ village.
Answer:
Zumbika

Question 11.
Mahavira got enlightenment near in the bank of _________ river.
Answer:
Rajupalika

Question 12.
Name of the wife of Mahavira as _________.
Answer:
Yasoda

Question 13.
Name of the daughter of Mahavira as _________.
Answer:
Priyadarsini

Question 14.
In _________ place, the death of Mahavira occurred.
Answer:
Pava

Question 15.
Mahavira assembled as the fifth principle with _________ parsunaths four truths.
Answer:
Observe chatity

Question 16.
Kalinga king _________ was the chief pioneer of Jainism.
Answer:
Kharavela.

Question 17.
Jaineees caves are found in _________ place of Odisha.
Answer:
Udayagiri

Question 18.
Mahavira preached his principles in _________ language.
Answer:
Ardha Magadha

Question 19.
Who is known as Nataputra?
Answer:
Varthatnan Mahavira

Question 20.
The religious script of Jainism is known as _________.
Answer:
Kalpasutra

Question 21.
At first, Jainism was popular in _________ class.
Answer:
Trader

Question 22.
Goutam Buddha was born in _________ garden of Kapilabassu.
Answer:
Lumbini

Question 23.
_________ was the father of Goutam Buddha.
Answer:
Suðdhodana.

Question 24.
_________was the mother of Goutam Buddha.
Answer:
Mayadevi

Question 25.
_________ was the wife of Gautama Buddha.
Answer:
Yasodhara.

Question 26.
Buddadeva belongs to _________ Kshetriya clan.
Answer:
Skya

Question 27.
Buddha was the preacher of _________ path.
Answer:
MiddIe

Question 28.
In course of time, the meditated place of Buddha came to be known as _________.
Answer:
Buddhagaya

Question 29.
In later times the name of the pipal tree (where Buddha got enlightenment) known as _________.
Answer:
Biddhitre

Question 30.
_________ is regarded as the light of Asia.
Answer:
Gotham Buddha

Question 31.
Swetambara and Digambara is the two classes of _________ religion.
Answer:
Jainism

Question 32.
The Jalna marble temples of _________ hill in Rajasthan are attractive in enormous art sculpture.
Answer:
Mount Abu

Question 33.
Khandagirl and Udayagiri of Odisha shows _________art and sculpiure.
Answer:
Jainism

Question 34.
In 512 B.C. the Jaina conference was held in the presidentship of _________.
Answer:
Nagarjuna

Question 35.
Though Siddhartha was born in the Sakva dynasty, he was called _________.
Answer:
Sakyasingha

Question 36.
Budhadeva is renowned as _________.
Answer:
Indian Father

Question 37.
Tunning of the wheel of Law ¡n Buddhism is regarded as _________.
Answer:
First preacting of religion

Question 38.
In _________ place, Buddbadeva delivered his first sermon.
Answer:
Saranath

Question 39.
The religious script of Buddhism is known as _________.
Answer:
Tripit

Question 40.
Family renunciation of Goutama Buddha is known in Buddhist script as _________.
Answer:
Mahaviniskramana

Question 41.
Buddhadeva got enlightenment under _________tree.
Answer:
Pipal

Question 42.
Huddhadeva got some food from _________ named village girl.
Answer:
Sujata

Question 43.
Prostitute Ambapali accepted _________ religion.
Answer:
Buddhism